Structure of the Earth
Plate Tectonics/convection
Earthquakes
Boundaries
Volcanoes
100
State the four parts of the Earth
crust, mantle, inner core, outer core
100
Draw 3 boxes showing the particles representing ice, water, steam.
3 boxes - solid - rigid pattern liquid - particles more random gas - particles everywhere - completely random
100
Define focus
the point beneath the Earth's surface where the rock's break and initate the earthquake
100
What is a boundary?
A place where two tectonic plates meet.
100
State the difference between magma and lava.
magma underneath the ground. When it comes out, it's lava.
200
Describe the crust
Thin outer layer, rocky, underneath the oceans and continents
200
State the three ways plates collide
The boundaries are: convergent divergent transform
200
define epicenter
the point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus
200
state the three types of boundaries
convergent, divergent, transform
200
Explain how silicon content affects lava
lots of silicon content means thick lava not very much silicon content means runny lava.
300
Describe the mantle
molten rock moving like molasses
300
What is pangaea?
200 million years ago, all the continents were smushed up together in a supercontinent.
300
In terms of plate movement, why do Earthquakes occur?
Two plates moving side by side means giant rocks moving and breaking against each other causing huge vibrations.
300
explain how mountains are formed
At a convergent boundary two plates push against each other. They have no where to go but up! (and down)
300
Draw a cinder cone volcano and shield volcano
cinder cone steep sides shield not steep sides
400
Describe the outer core
liquid, made up of iron and nickel
400
Explain using a diagram how convection is related to plate movement
Diagram andexplanation: molten rock heated up near the center of the earth becomes less dense (particles spread out) and rises to the crust where it cools and becomes more dense creating a convection current. The plates float on the magma and are moved.
400
How does the direction of particle motion relate to the direction of the energy of the wave for p waves and s waves? Include a labeled diagram.
p waves longitudinal (particle motion parallel to direction of wave) s waves transverse (particle motion perpendicular to direction of wave)
400
Describe what happens at a divergent boundary on land
A rift or valley forms. volcanoes may form, water may come in the valley forming seas,
400
Explain the properties of a composite volcano.
First a violent eruption and then many quiet eruptions. Thick lava with lots of silica.
500
Explain how the inner core can be both at an extremely high temperature yet solid.
high pressure pushes the molecules together into solid form
500
What is the evidence for plates moving? (three reasons)
a. Eastern coastline of South America and Western coastline of Africa look like they would fit together like a puzzle. b. The SAME plant and animal fossils were found in each continent despite that now there was a huge ocean between them. c. If you put the two continents together, the mountain ranges would line up.
500
Explain why p waves are always detected but often s waves are not.
p waves travel through solids and liquids. S waves travel through solids only If the wave hits the outer core which is liquid, the p waves travel but not the s wave
500
Describe what can happen at a divergent boundary in the ocean
Two plates separate allowing magma to rise up. This magma cools and forms a mountain at the bottom of the sea.
500
Explain how a volcano is formed
two plates collide, denser plate goes down (subduction) and melts causing molten rock to rise to the surface
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