DNA Structure
The full name of this molecule is often shortened to DNA.
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
This describes a mutation that doesn't affect an organism's ability to survive.
What is neutral?
The process by which characteristics of a population change over many generations as organisms with heritable traits survive and reproduce, passing their traits to offspring.
What is natural selection?
This scientist discovered how traits are inherited by experimenting with pea plants.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
This term refers to a genetic characteristic which is passed from parent to offspring.
What is a genetic trait?
This shape describes how DNA is made up of 2 strands that are coiled.
What is a double helix?
Organisms that have a/an _____________ mutation may survive better in a changing environment.
What is advantageous?
(What is positive?)
A substance or event that increases the rate of mutation.
What is a mutagen?
Parent plants produced new plants called ____________ in the first generation (F1).
What are offspring?
This term refers to different versions of same gene (for example: Brown eye color or Blue eye color)
What is an allele?
The nucleotide base pair that bonds to Cytosine.
What is Guanine?
There are three types of gene mutations. A nucleotide base might be: ____________, added, or substituted.
What is deleted?
This occurs when a species completely disappears from Earth.
What is extinction?
Plants from the first generation were allowed to self-fertilize to produce offspring in the _______________________.
What is second generation (F2)?
This term describes when the alleles of a gene are one dominant and one recessive.
What is heterozygous?
These two components form the backbone of DNA.
What are phosphates and sugar?
A substance or agent that causes cancer.
What is a carcinogen?
When something like a glacier, a lava flow, or an island isolate a population, this is called a g__________ b__________.
What is a geographic barrier?
Mendel used these pea plants that produce offspring with only one form of a trait.
What are true-breeding pea plants?
This term describes when there are 2 different alleles for a characteristic but neither is dominant.
What is incomplete dominance?
This is the process of copying DNA during cell division.
What is replication?
About 10 000 years ago, all but one species of cheetah became extinct. As cheetah populations continue to decline, there is less and less g__________ d___________ in the species.
What is genetic diversity?
Mutations, natural selection, and adaptive radiation can result in ________________, where new species are formed.
What is speciation?
Mendel proposed:
Each plant has two factors for a trait.
Each parent gives one factor for each trait.
One factor dominates over the other if present.
The “factors” Mendel referred to in his conclusions are what we now call _______________________.
What are alleles?
This term states the physical appearance of the trait- the result of genes (example: what an individual actually looks like)
What is phenotype?