Society, trends, culture, convenience, emotions and cost, to name a few.
What are factors that influence our food choices?
100
The acronym that takes into account other acronyms, including EAR, RDA, AI and UL, and helps determine the right amount of each nutrient we should consume.
What is DRI (Daily Recommended Intake)?
100
The type of digestion that includes the chewing, grinding and breaking food into smaller pieces.
What is mechanical digestion?
100
The sole energy source for brain cells and red blood cells, it is the primary sugar in carbohydrate-rich foods
What is glucose?
100
The oldest sugar substitute (or sweetener), is 200% - 700% sweeter than table sugar (sucrose).
What is saccharin?
200
Four of the top ten leading causes of death that are influenced by nutrition and lifestyle.
What are heart disease, cancer, stroke and diabetes?
200
Different than DRIs, these are based on the most current nutrition and physical acvitiy research, are updated every 5 years, and are designed to help individuals prevent chronic disease.
What are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
200
It includes the duodenum, jejunum and ileum and accounts for most of the digestion of foods we consume.
What is the small intestine?
200
Different from fructose (glucose + sucrose) and maltose (glucose + glucose), this sugar is needs lactase to be digested and is made of these two monosaccharides.
What is lactose? And what are galactose and glucose?
200
These compounds are produced by the body in the absence of sugar, when protein is broken down for energy.
What are ketones (ketone bodies)?
300
Unlike micronutrients, the body needs these nutrients in much larger quantities; they include fats, carbohydrates and proteins.
What are macronutrients?
300
These are the calories that can be consumed beyond those needed to fulfill nutrient needs but still be within the calorie allowance necessary to maintain a healthy body weight.
What are discretionary calories?
300
The thousands of finger-like projections covering the wall of the small intestine that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.
What are villi and microvilli?
300
This hormone, secreted by the pancreas, acts to "open the doors" on muscle and fat cells to let glucose in.
What is insulin?
300
This autoimmune disease is the result of destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.
What is type 1 diabetes?
400
Americans generally fall short of the dietary recommendations of iron, vitamins D and E, potassium and this bone-building mineral.
What is calcium?
400
Respectively, the macronutrient distribution ranges for carbohydrates, protein and fat.
What are 45% - 65%, 10% - 30%, and 20% - 35%?
400
The substances that are produced mostly by the pancreas (including those responsible for a majority of fat digestions, and about half of protein and half of carbohyrate digestion).
What are digestive enzymes?
400
This storage form of carbohydrates is broken down into glucose when this hormone is released by the pancreas.
What is glycogen? And what is glucagon?
400
The minimum amount of carbohydrate needed daily.
What is 130 grams?
500
These foods, which are part of a healthy diet, contain many vitamins, minerals and other nutrients compared to the calories they contain.
What are nutrient-dense foods?
500
Often found on food packaging, this claim must contain a food compound and a health condition related to that claim. Think Quaker.
What is a health claim?
500
An autoimmune disorder resulting in damage to the small intestine as a result of gluten consumption.
What is celiac disease?
500
These two forms of carbohydrate help reduce the risk o some cancers, heart disease, diabetes and obesity.
What are soluble and insoluble fibers?
500
Mechanical and chemical digestion begin here. This enzyme is responsible for the first steps of carbohydrate breakdown.