Solubility
Define the terms: Solute, Solvent, and Solution.
Solute: substance being dissolved
Solvent: substance doing the dissolving
Solution: mixture of two or more kinds of molecules/atoms/ions that is homogenous
If the concentration of a sodium chloride solution is 0.4 mol/L and the volume is 1.5 L, calculate the mass of the solute needed to prepare this solution.
40 g (s.f.)
What is the difference between TIE and NIE?
TIE includes ALL ions present in solution, whereas NIE only includes ions that are reacting in the reaction, ignoring spectator ions.
When working with stoichiometry for solutions, when do we need to worry about limiting reagents and when do we not need to?
If we are using a mole ratio with a product then we need to determine our limiting reagent.
If both of our ions/compounds of interest are reactants then we can forego limiting reagent calculations
For every increase of 1 in pH value, a substance is _____ times more basic
10 (because of logarithmic scale)
True or false: Oil is insoluble in water. Why?
FALSE: Oil and water are IMMISCIBLE, soluble/insoluble is for a solid being dissolved in a liquid. They are immiscible because water is polar and oil is non-polar
A solution of hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 2.0 mol/L is diluted to 0.5 mol/L. If the initial volume was 500 mL, what is the final volume of the diluted solution?
2L
If all of your products are aqueous solutions in your total ionic equation, what is your net ionic equation?
N/A (doesn't exist)
How much 0.20 M H3PO4 is needed to react with 100 ml. of 0.10 M NaOH?
17 mL
If you have a concentration of hydrogen ions equal to 6.5x10^-4 M, what is the pOH?
10.8
List THREE factors that affect the rate of dissolving and how they affect the rate
Temperature: increase temperature, increase amount of solute being dissolved
Stirring: increased agitation increases rate of dissolving
Particle size: decreased size increases rate of dissolving
What is w/w% of a compund that combines 232 g of acetic acid with 654 g of water?
0.355%
Write out the NIE for potassium fluoride and magnesium nitrate
2F-(aq)+Mg2+ =MgF2(s)
How many moles of precipitate will form when 50.0 mL of 0.100 M Na3PO4 is mixed with 150.0 mL of 0.250 M Pb(NO3)2 to produce a lead II phosphate precipitate?
0.00250 mol
What mass of acetic acid (HCH3COO) is neutralized by 300 mL of 2.9 M sodium hydroxide?
52 g
Draw a general solubility curve with saturated, supersaturated, and unsaturated labeled. Be prepared to define saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions.
Unsaturated: any point under the solubility curve, more solute can be dissolved
Saturated: any point along the solubility curve, maximum amount of solute is dissolved in the solvent
Supersaturated: any point above the solubility curve, solution contains more solute than normal
What volume of a 3.55 % W/V sugar solution can be prepared using 276 g of glucose?
7770 L
How many spectator ions are present in the TIE for lithium hydroxide and barium chloride?
4 (all of them)
What volume of 1.50 M HCl is required for 5.40 g of aluminum to react completely?
400 mL
What does it mean if a titration has reached its equivalence point? Please provide a formula that supports your answer.
Moles of acid present is equal to the moles of base present
#HMaVa=#OHMbVb
Using the photo of the solubility curve provided, if a saturated solution of potassium chlorate is cooled from 80 to 50 degrees celsius, how many grams of precipitate will form?
20g
Normal saline solution that is used to dissolve drugs for intravenous use is 0.92% mass by volume NaCl in water. Calculate the mass in grams of NaCl required to prepare 35.0 mL of normal saline solution.
0.322 g
Write the TIE and NIE for lead(II) nitrate reacting with potassium sulfide.
NIE:
Pb2+ (aq)+S2- (aq)= PbS (s)
What do we always have to do first for stoichiometry questions?
WRITE A BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION
49 mL