+/- symptoms
negative symptoms (9)
Alogia
Anhedonia
Apathy
Asociality
Blunted affect
Catatonia
Flat affect
Avolition or lack of volition
Inattention
the client’s belief that “others” are planning to harm him or her or are spying, following, ridiculing, or belittling the client in some way
Persecutory/paranoid delusions
Catalepsy (waxy flexibility) or stupor
Motor immobility associated with catatonia
Which personality disorder uses projection as a defense mechanism?
Most common in?
Paranoid personality disorder: blaming other people for their own difficulties. E.g. police gave him a parking ticket to get him out of the neighborhood.
Common behaviors of BPD
Self-mutilation
Impulsivity
Manipulating others
Engaging in impulse acts
Feelings of emptiness
positive symptoms (9)
Ambivalence
Associative looseness
Delusions
Echopraxia
Flight of ideas
Hallucinations
Ideas of reference
Perseveration
Bizarre behavior
characterized by the client’s claim to association with famous people or celebrities, or the client’s belief that he or she is famous or capable of great feats.
Grandiose delusions
a late-appearing side effect of antipsychotic medications, is characterized by abnormal, involuntary movements
Tardive dyskinesia
lip smacking, tongue protrusion, chewing, blinking, grimacing, and choreiform movements of the limbs and feet
irreversible once appears
atypical antipsychotic is offered
AIMS - Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (0-4 scale)
Disorder characteristics: Disregard for rights of others, rules, and laws
AKA?
It's common in?
Antisocial personality disorder - characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others—and by the central characteristics of deceit and manipulation
AKA - psychopathy, sociopathy, or dyssocial personality disorder
three to four times more common in men than in women
Peak at 20, diminish after 45
Intervention: Limit setting; confrontation; teach client to solve problems effectively and manage emotions of anger or frustration
Restricted range of emotional feeling, tone, or mood
Blunted affect
the client’s belief that his or her organs aren’t functioning or are rotting away, or that some body part or feature is horribly disfigured or misshapen.
Nihilistic delusions
muscle rigidity, high fever, increased muscle enzymes and leukocytosis
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - fatal idiosyncratic reaction to an antipsychotic drug
diaphoresis, pallor, delirium; confused and mute
Disorder characteristics: Unstable relationships, self-image, and affect; impulsivity; self-mutilation
it's common in?
risks, mood...?
Borderline personality disorder - a pervasive pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect as well as marked impulsivity
3 times more common in women than in men
suicide risk; self-mutilation; nonsuicidal self-injury
physical pain blocks emotional pain
Labile mood (high and low)
Holding seemingly contradictory beliefs or feelings about the same person, event, or situation
Ambivalence
vague and unrealistic beliefs about the client’s health or bodily functions
Somatic delusions
malaise, fever, ulcerative sore throat, leukopenia
Which drug is responsible?
What's the requirement for this drug refill?
Agranulocytosis - failure of the bone marrow to produce adequate white blood cells
Which drug is responsible? Clozapine
What's the requirement for this drug refill? white blood cell count above 3,500 cells/mm3
splitting
Thinking about oneself and others is often polarized and extreme - associated with thought process of BPD
Psychologically induced immobility occasionally marked by periods of agitation or excitement; the client seems motionless, as if in a trance
Catatonia
ideas of reference involve the client’s belief that television broadcasts, music, or newspaper articles have special meaning for him or her.
Referential delusions
Medication that targets Affective aggression, predatory and Emotional lability
Lithium - mood stabilizer
Safety
Promote safety; help client to cope and control emotions; cognitive restructuring techniques; structure time; teach social skills
Set boundaries and encourage responsibility