Symptoms!
False, fixed beliefs that cannot be corrected by reasoning or evidence
What are delusions?
This generation of antipsychotic is frequently used for acute agitation but carries the highest risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
What is First Generation?
A potentially irreversible side effect of long-term antipsychotic use characterized by involuntary movements of the face, jaw, and tongue (like lip-smacking).
What is Tardive Dyskinesia?
The priority nursing assessment when a patient reports hearing voices for the first time.
What is assessing safety / suicidal ideation? what are the voices telling them to do?
A syndrome in which a person's mental capacity is impaired, affecting: capacity to recognize reality, affective expression, and communication.
What is a thought disorder?
A dangerous symptom where the patient hears voices telling them to harm themselves or others
what are command hallucinations?
Patients taking this Atypical antipsychotic must have their absolute neutrophil count (ANC) or WBC monitored regularly due to the risk of Agranulocytosis
What is Clozapine?
List other common side effects (besides EPS and NMS) of Antipsychotics?
What is Galactorrhea, Gynecomastia, Sexual Dysfunction, Orthostatic Hypotension, Lowers Seizure Threshold, Sedation, Photosensitivity, Anticholinergic, Agranulocytosis?
How would you describe the therapeutic communication in dealing with a patient with schizophrenia having delusions?
What is using calm, simple, clear language. Do not argue with or reinforce delusions.
What generation of medications are
Aripiprazole (Abilify) - Brexpiprazole (Rexulti)?
What is 3rd Generation -= targets both positive and negative symptoms?
A "negative" symptom characterized by a profound lack of motivation to initiate or complete tasks.
What is avolition?
This route of administration / type of medication is often utilized for antipsychotics to improve medication compliance in patients with a history of nonadherence.
What are long-acting injectables (LAI) - IM Injection *Use Z Track Method!
A rare but fatal reaction to antipsychotics presenting with Triad: sudden high fever, "lead pipe" muscle rigidity, and autonomic instability / LOC changes
What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)?
A patient suffering from acute paranoia refuses to eat the meals provided on the hospital tray, stating they are poisoned. This is the best dietary intervention.
What is providing sealed, pre-packaged food or food in its original wrappers?
DSM-5 Criteria for Schizophrenia states you must have a continuous disturbance for how many months? Can effect social or occupational dysfunction
What is 6 months?
Two ways to describe: severely reduced speech content, words convey little meaning, minimal responses / long pauses in conversation
What is "Poverty of thought" or Alogia
This class of medication is used to specifically treat Tardive Dyskinesia and what are it's common side effects?
What are VMAT2 Inhibitors?
Side Effects: Anticholinergic + QT Elongation
Valbenazine (Ingrezza). Deutetrabenazine (Austedo/Austedo XR)
A frightening early extrapyramidal symptom characterized by severe, sustained muscle spasms of the tongue, neck, face — which can include the eyes involuntarily rolling upward
What is Acute Dystonia?
The diagnostic tool used by nurses to routinely assess and track the severity of involuntary movements in patients on antipsychotics.
What is AIMS: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale
This suggests that schizophrenia symptoms arise from dysregulated dopamine transmission in the brain. It links hyperactivity in the mesolimbic pathway to positive symptoms (hallucinations/delusions) and hypoactivity in the mesocortical pathway to negative symptoms (apathy/cognitive deficits).
What is Dopamine Hypothesis?
When a person may become completely motionless and unresponsive to their environment or stimulus
What is Catatonic? or Catatonia
This medication, An anticholinergic, is most commonly administered IV or IM to rapidly reverse acute dystonic reactions
What is Benztropine (Cogentin)
During this would you stop the antipsychotic medication? or lower the dose?
Metabolic Syndrome is mainly caused by this type of Antipsychotic? What are signs of Metabolic Syndrome?
What is Atypical - 2nd Generation?
Central Obesity, High Triglycerides, Low HDL, Hypertension, Hyperglycemia
Structured daytime programming after inpatient discharge. Provides continued therapy, medication management, and social support while patient lives in the community.
What is a Partial Program (PHP)?
Another term for the First Generation Antipsychotics?
What are Neuroleptics?