Diagnosis
Subtypes
Causes
Case Studies
Treatment
100
What are the two subtypes of Schizophrenia
Type I and Type II
100
What are the three causes of schizophrenia?
Genetic, biochemical, and cognitive
100
Electroconvulsive therapy is used as a last resort to treat schizophrenia. Name the manner in which ECT is
ECT is applied unilaterally to the non-dominant hemisphere of the brain in order to reduce memory loss.
200
The current ___________ or (___) defines schizophrenic spectrum and psychotic disorders as sharing one or more of the following symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts, catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
200
Describe Each type
Type I - Positive symptoms Type II - Negative symptoms
200
Describe genetic cause.
Predisposition of the gene for schizophrenia which can be triggered by stressful situations.
200
Which study carried out twin study research into the genetic inheritance of schizophrenia?
Gottesman and Shields (1972)
200
What principle is a token economy based on?
Operant conditioning
300
Define delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts, and catatonic behavior. and negative symptoms.
Delusions are beliefs individuals hold which are not based on reality. Hallucinations are sensory experiments that may involve seeing and hearing things that do not exist. Disorganized thoughts are thoughts may be mixed up and racing; the person's speech might be jumbled and impossible to understand. In catatonic behavior, a person may not react to things in the environment and remain rigid and unmoving in awkward poses, or engage in constant, repetitive movements. Negative symptoms are losses of normal functioning, such as loss of speech, or lack of typical facial expressions.
300
What are positive symptoms?
The addition of inappropriate action to a persons behavior such as Delusions, Hallucinations, Loose association, Neologism, perservation, Clang, Heightened perceptions, and inappropriate affect.
300
Describe biochemical.
An imbalance of neurotransmitters and miscommunication between nerve cells.
300
Which case study showed that an increase in an intake of dopamine causes positive symptoms?
Lindstrom showed that patients with Parkinson's disease who take L-Dopa showed positive symptoms.
400
Give examples of delusions and hallucinations.
An example of a delusion is falsely believing that other people are trying to harm or kill you. An example of a hallucination is hearing voices.
400
What are Negative symptoms?
The lack of appropriate behavior including poverty of speech, flat affect, anhedonia, loss of volitlion, ambivalence, social withdraw, and catatonic.
400
Describe cognitive.
Focusing on mental processing and trying to train the brain to have a different thought process.
400
Who views schizophrenia mental processes, rather than relying solely on physiological explanations?
Frith (1992)
400
Which form of therapy focuses on changing the thinking process of an individual in order to change behaviors?
Cognitive behavioral therapy
500
Signs have to show for ___ months or more. Individuals have to have two or more symptoms for __ months.
6; 1 At least one of the symptoms must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech. It cannot be attributed to the use of illegal substances or medication. Individuals must show a reductions in normal functioning.
500
Review question: What is abnormality?
Behaviours that are rarely seen in most people.
500
What are two drawbacks of the Paul and Lentz token economy study?
Ethical issues and ecological validity.
M
e
n
u