Amendments
This amendment prohibits excessive bail fines and cruel and unusual punishment - Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Amendment VIII [8]
This role is considered Commander & Chief of Army, Navy, State Militia?
The President
This case determined: Separate but Equal: Separate but equal facilities were neither unreasonable nor illegal - condemned Blacks to second-class citizenship (inferior facilities including schools, etc. ). (Later reversed in 1954- Brown vs. Board of Education)
Plessy Vs. Ferguson (1896)
What are the requirements to be a US Representative? (3 requirements)
25 years old, 7 years resident of U.S. and must live in the district and state in which elected.
Amendment 26 lowered the voting age to this age.
Voting age is lowered: citizens of the U.S., 18 years or older may not be denied the right to vote.
With this amendment, the voting age is lowered: citizens of the U.S., 18 years or older may not be denied the right to vote.
Amendment XXVI [26]
Naturalization laws are enacted by?
The Congress
In this case, the Supreme court underlined its intention to accused persons from being forced to confess. Suspects had to be immediately informed that they have the following rights: -Right to remain silent, right to legal representation, and to be informed that anything they say can be used against them in a court of law.
Miranda Vs. Arizona (1966)
What process is outlined in the 22nd Amendment?
President cannot be elected more than twice.
What is the number of members of the House of Representatives?
435 members.
This amendment sets up the following: Presidential succession: a) If Pres. resigns, is removed or dies in office, V P. becomes President b) If vacancy in V.P. office - Pres. nominates. c) If President is unable to carry out his/her duties then V.P. assumes office as acting President.
Amendment XXV [25]
Who can declare war?
Only Congress
In this case: A Washington State law regulating wage minimums for women & children. Political branches of govt. have the power to regulate the Nation's economy- West Coast Hotel lost suit - had to follow Washington law of wage minimum.
West Coast Hotel Vs. Parrish (1937)
What is a writ of Habeas Corpus?
Legal document stating the right of a jailed person to be released if proper charges cannot be brought against him.
Amendments to the Constitution can be proposed by a ______ vote of both houses or by ______ of the state legislatures.
2/3rds
This amendment states: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of people to peaceably assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
Amendment I [I]
Who is President of the Senate and what is his/her role?
Vice President. Presides over the Senate. Can only vote if there is a tie. If V.P. isn’t in attendance a pro-tempori (or President Pro-tem) is used.
In this case: Defendants were convicted for mailing circulars to draftees urging them to resist. Court rules they, shouldn’t be protected under the 1st amendment because there was "clear & present danger" of persuading draftees to break the law
Schenck Vs. US. (1919)
What are the requirements to be President? (3 requirements)
35 years old, natural-born citizen and at least 14 years residency in U.S.
How often are Senators (3 numbers) and the House of Representatives elected (1 number)?
Senators: 1/3rd of Senate elected every 2 yrs. (serve a 6 year term). House of Representatives: All members are elected every 2 years (they serve a 2 year term).
This amendment states: Income Tax: Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes whatever source derived without regard to any census or enumeration.
Amendment XVI [16]
What are the roles exclusive to the House of Representatives (Senate doesn't have them)? (2 roles)
They have the power to impeach the president and to propose finance bills.
In this case: Board of Education wanted to expel students who didn't do flag salute. Freedom of religion. Barnette (the Jehovah witnesses won this case).
W. Virginia State Board of Ed. Vs. Barnette (1943)
How are Amendments proposed?
By the legislators of 3/4ths of the states or
By conventions in 3/4ths of the states
The constitution was adopted in what year and ratified in what year? (2 Years)
Delaware was 1st to approve; adopted (accepted) in 1788; ratified 1791, last state to ratify was Rhode Island