School-Age Children

Erikson's Stages & Physical Development

100

Erikson's stage of Development for school age children.

What is Industry vs. Inferiority

200

Due to the many sometimes embarassing changes that school-age children may experience, it is important for a nurse to practice using what?

What is PRIVACY. school age children are very self-conscious of their physical development. The nurse need to be aware of these issues. (p 659 clinical alert*****)

300

Name 3 physical development characteristics of school-age males

* become more muscular * testes become more sensitive to pressure * scrotal skin darkens * pubic hair develops * possibly gynecomastia

400

Name 3 physical development characteristics of school-age FEMALES.

* girls hips begin to broaden * pelvis begins to widen * breasts enlarge * pubic hair begins to develop * vaginal pH decreases * menarch begins around age 12 *

500

Name 3 characteristics of Physical development for ALL school age children.

* facial features become refined * posture straightens * grow taller * gain 4-6 pounds * grow 2 inches * develop axillary sweating * many variations in size and shape *

Cognitive, Sensory & Language

100

the ability to think about thinking

What is metacognition

200

Name 3-5 Language Development Concepts of school-age children

* many well-formed sentenes of a complex nature * good comprehension * verbalizes ideas and problems readily * communicates thought * able to elaborate on concepts they want to get across * uses words more accurately (esp. verbs, metaphors, and similes).

300

What type of tasks does the school-age child work on in school?

Awareness of space (where things are in relation to other things); causality (logical consequences); categories (how things fit together); conservation (physical quantity to remain constant even when state is altered) and numbers.

400

What Piaget Stage of Intellectual Development is the school-age child in?

What is Concrete Operations stage. Evidence for organized, logical thought. There is the ability to perform multiple classification tasks, order objects in a logical sequence, and comprehend the principle of conservation. thinking becomes less transductive and less egocentric. The child is capable of concrete problem-solving.

500

The school age child begins to replace "why" questions with what kind of questions?

What is "how questions." They tend to want to know HOW things happen instead of WHY they happen

Psychosocial and Moral Development &Nutrition

100

School aged children still exhibit magical thinking. In what way?

They still may feel responsible for bad things happening

200

Latter ages in this stage (9-12 yrs) are becoming more independant but still desire ________ or _______ from their peers and adults.

approval, validation Note: they look more to friends than family, but family is still imporant. Best friends tend to be of the same gender, but mixed gender groups become more common as they age. The earlier stage (age 6-9) is still generally self-focused

300

Around age 10, what Kohlberg stage does the school age child enter?

The conventional morality stage. During this time, the child has internalized rules and is gaining approval. . He begins to operate with a morality of cooperation that requires recognition of interaction between self and world.

400

What should the diet and nutrition status of a school age child include?

*Eat a variety of foods *Balance the food you eat with physical activity *Choose a diet with plenty of grain products, vegetables and fruits *Choose a diet low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol *Choose a diet moderate in sugars and salt *Choose a diet that provides enough calcium and iron to meet their growing body's requirements.

500

Name 3 Nutrition tips for school-age children

* School age children require between the low and middle range of servings on the food pyramid * buy low-calorie and lowfat meals, snacks and desserts * low fat or skim milk and diet drinks * Avoid buying high calorie desserts or snacks, such as snack chips, regular soft drinks or regular ice cream * * Schoolage boys and girls require about 1600 to 2400 calories each day, depending on their age and activity level. * Once they hit their growth spurt, girls require an additional 200 calories and boys 500 calories *

Safety, Discipline & Sleep

100

What are the restrictions for school-age children when riding a car.

use a booster seat until the child is at least 80 pounds and 4 ft 9 inches tall. When the booster seat is outgrown, the child should always be buckled AND in the backseat.

200

Name 3 important home safety tips.

* keep guns and ammunition locked out of reach * keep hot water heater temperature between 120-130 degrees F * Install smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors * play "what if" games to teach about dangerous situations * teach to dial 911 * teach stranger awareness * keep a number for the doctors office, poison control center and dentist posted nearby*

300

True of False: All children should be disciplined the same? and why?

FALSE; discipline should be based on factors such as * developmental level of the children and parents * severity of the misbehavior * temperament of the child *

400

Name 5 discipline guidelines for school-age children

* let children participate in planning actions for their misbehavior * be consistent * ensure a nurturing environment * focus on DO rather than DONT * be kind, yet firm * be reasonable * have a few simple rules that are easy to follow * use consequences *

500

Name 3 Sleep tips for school age children

* develop a regular sleep routine and bedtime * ensure 9-12 hours of sleep per night, depending on the temperament of the child * establish 20-30 minutes to "calm-down" before bedtime * be aware of any sleep-walking, apnea or night terrors * Use BEARS if you think the child may have a sleep problems B - BEDTIME - trouble falling asleep? E - EXCESSIVE - daytime sleepiness A -AWAKENINGS - during the night; trouble going back to sleep R - REGULARITY - and duration of sleep S - SNORING

Play, Pain & Adaption to Hospitalization

100

True or False: Competing and winning become important to children of this age group.

True; competitiveness becomes a very prevalent trait among school age children

200

Many children become bored in the hospital. Some ways to remedy this situation would be:

to allow them to bring in video games, books, magazines and other games.

300

For a young child with still-limited language development, this pain scale would be appropriate.

What is the faces pain scale

400

Play should be guided to facilitate an increase in what ?

What is self-esteem

500

How would you expect a school-age child to respond to extended time in a hospital setting.

While they want to remain independant and act like as though they dont "need their parents" in the room, they still find comfort in having them "close by"