Physical Development
At what age is brain growth typically complete in school-age children?
10 years old
What stage of Piaget's cognitive development are school-age children in?
concrete operational stage
School-age children often seek approval from which three groups?
parents, teachers, and peers
What is the psychosocial stage for school-age children according to Erikson?
Industry vs. Inferiority
What kind of physical activity supports gross motor development in school-age children?
riding a bike or playing sports
What system's maturation leads to fewer respiratory infections in school-age children?
Respiratory system and/or the immune system
What does the concept of "reversibility" mean in cognitive development?
understanding that objects can be changed and returned to their original state
What term describes how a child views their body and appearance?
body image
Define "industry" in the context of Erikson's stage of development.
working to develop and master skills to achieve something
Which motor skill involves activities like sewing or playing musical instruments?
What is the difference in growth patterns between boys and girls during prepubescence?
Girls typically experience rapid growth before boys
Which concept refers to the ability to group objects based on shared characteristics?
Classification
List one way parents can help children develop a positive self-esteem.
providing positive feedback or encouraging their efforts
Give an example of a situation that helps build a child’s industriousness.
receiving praise for completing homework or learning a new skill
Explain how positive feedback during the Industry vs. Inferiority stage sets the foundation for future development.
helps build confidence, a sense of self-worth, and the resilience needed to face future challenges
Name two secondary sexual characteristics that develop during school-age years.
Growth spurts, Appearance of body hair
What skill helps school-age children understand that the quantity of something remains the same even if its appearance changes?
Conservation
What temperament type describes a child who needs time to adjust to new experiences?
What could cause a school-age child to feel inferior?
criticism without support or failing to master a skill
What is one way school-age children use memories to support their cognitive development?
evaluating current situations based on past experiences
Why might school-age children appear awkward in their movements?
Their bodies are growing faster than they can compensate for
Give an example of "seriation" in school-age children.
Organizing objects by height, weight, or size.
How does peer interaction contribute to a school-age child’s self-esteem?
positive social interactions reinforce feelings of acceptance and self-worth
Describe the long-term effects of a child leaving this stage with a sense of inferiority.
reduced sense of self-worth and confidence in facing future challenges
During prepubescence, what is the typical age difference in onset between boys and girls?
2 years