Sci Con
Pair vs Unpaired?
Arytenoid, Thyroid, Corniculate, Cricoid, Epiglottis, Cuneiform
Paired: Arytenoids, Corniculates, Cuneiforms
Unpaired: Epiglottis, Cricoid, Thyroid
What is the MAC of
1. Sevo 2. Iso 3. Des and 4. Nitrous
1. 2% 2. 1.17% 3. 6% 4. 104%
Drug A weak base with a pKa of 8.4 and is injected IV. What is the % ionization/nonionization?
99% ionized (8.4-7.4 = 1: base going into a more acidic environment)
What may be happening if you see T wave inversion?
Ischemia
What class is propofol?
alkylphenol
RLN
Sensory:____ Motor:_____ RLN Injury: Bilateral = ?
Sensory: BELOW cords
Motor: all larynx muscles EXCEPT cricothyroid
BL RLN Injury= breathing difficulty
What is the BG Coefficient of: 1. Sevo, 2. Iso, 3. Des, 4. Nitrous
Sevo: 0.68 Iso: 1.43 Des: 0.42 Nitrous: 0.47
What is the compensation for decreased Vt in the patient receiving GA? Is it the same as a patient undergoing TIVA?
GA: Increased RR, decreased Vt
TIVA: Decreased RR, increased Vt
What is a normal I:E ratio?
What do you do if you have an obstructive picture?
1:2
Obstruction: give more time to exhale, increase E time.
What does etomidate inhibit?
11 Beta hydroxylase
What do you use for a Nasal Intubation and what do you avoid when using this tool?
McGill Forceps: grab ETT and avoid the cuff
List in order the highest to lowest Fat:Gas Partition Coefficient. What does this relate to?
Sevo, Iso, Des, Nitrous. This relates to potency.
What volatile agent increases the risk of PONV?
Nitrous Oxide (also a SMDA antagonist)
What is the last option on the difficult airway alg?
Invasive: poke or slice
How are Esters and Amides metabolized? (Different)
Esters: hydrolysis via plasma cholinesterase
Amides: CYP450
FRC = ? ( ______ + _______ )
When is it increased?
When is it decreased?
FRC = ERV + RV
Increased: Preoxygenation & Decreased Elasticity
Decreased: Kids, Obesity, Increased Elasticity
What is the Max Dose of Lido and Bupivacaine with and without Epi? mg/kg and total doses
Lido: w/o epi: 5 mg/kg 300 mg total dose
Lido: w epi: 7 mg/kg 500 total dose
Bupivacaine w/o epi: 2 mg/kg 175 mg total dose With Epi: 2.5 mg/kg 225 total dose
Match: selectivity, sensitivity, specificity
1. Response from set of receptors are the same
2. Response occurs from structurally similiar chemicals
3. resonse occurs from a low concentration
Selectivity = 2
Sensitivity = 3
Specificity = 1
What drug do you want to stay away from if you're intubating a patient with a low EF?
Propofol
What would you give for HoTN and tachycardia?
Phenylephrine
List the Measurements
PR interval:
QRS Complex:
QT Interval:
PR: 0.12-0.20
QRS Complex: 0.06-0.1
QT Interval: <= 0.40
Calculate the mosm of 1.5% of Magnesium Chloride (GMW 95)
1.5% =15mg/mL
15 / 95 =0.158
0.158* 3 =0.474 osm
0.474 * 1000 =474 mosm
What is drug affinity?
potency
What do inhalation agents to do afterload and contractility?
Decreases both