Genetic Drift & Natural Selection
After 100 generations, an allele becomes the only allele in a population.
What is fixation?
This process allows genes to move between distantly related bacteria species.
What is Horizontal Gene Transfer?
In DNA, A pairs with T. In RNA, A pairs with...
In RNA, A pairs with U (uracil).
#what is the output?
for i in range(3):
print(i)
0
1
2
This type of selection favors one extreme phenotype over others, shifting the population’s trait distribution.
What is directional selection?
On a phylogenetic tree, the point where two lineages diverge is called a ______.
What is a node?
Mechanism during which transmittable mutations may be generated.
What is DNA replication?
s = "biology"
for letter in s:
if letter == "o":
print("Found o!")
"Found o!"
"Found o!"
In a small population of beetles, by chance only green beetles reproduce one year and the brown allele is lost. This is an example of what process?
What is genetic drift?
The three domains of life
What are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota?
Type of mutation in DNA:
ATG GGC CAC GTA TGA --> ATG GGC CAG TAT GA
What is a frameshift mutation (also deletion)?
#what are the 3 issues if we want the output at the bottom?
def findG(codonList):
output = ""
for codon in codonList:
if "G" in codonList:
output = output + codon
return output
print(findG(codonList = ["ATG", "TAC", "GGA", "CCC"]))
#should print ["ATG", "GGA"]
def findG(codonList):
output = []
for codon in codonList:
if "G" in codon:
output = output + [codon]
return output
print(findG(codonList = ["ATG", "TAC", "GGA", "CCC"]))
#should print ["ATG", "GGA"]
A type of selection where individuals with intermediate traits are favored over individuals with extreme traits.
What is stabilizing selection?
A method of horizontal gene transfer (describe process).
What is:
Transformation (free DNA from the environment)?
Conjugation (DNA passed between bacteria)?
Transduction (DNA passed from a virus)?
A mutation changes the third base of a codon but the amino acid does not change. (Describe why this may happen).
What is a degenerate codon (amino acids have wiggle room usually in the 3rd codon to allow for silent mutations)?
#what is the output?
values = [3, 7, 2, 5]
total = 0
for v in values:
if v > 3:
total = total + v
elif v =< 3:
total = total + (v*2)
print(total)
22