rocks 1
soils 1
minerals
rocks 2
soils 2
100
Rocks are composed of __________
minerals (one or more compounds)
100
What are the 4 main components of soil?
organic material (humus), mineral material, air, and water
100
Interpretthe chemical formula: MgAl2O3
There is 1 atom of magnesium, 2 atoms of aluminum, and 3 atoms of oxygen in every molecule of MgAl2O3
100
What is the rock cycle
A process that changes one type of rock into different types of rocks
100
Define water infiltration rate and what is this measured in?
Water infiltration rate is how fast water moves through a column of soil. This is measured in seconds per volume of soil. (seconds per liter or seconds per mililiter)
200
What is the difference between rocks made from magma and lava?
rocks made from lava are called extrusive igneous rocks and they are formed on the surface of the earth and quicker than rocks made from magma which are called intrusive igneous rocks and are formed inside the earth
200
What is the composition of humus or organic material? Define organic.
Humus is composed of decayed plant and animal materials. Organic means the material contains carbon.
200
How do plants obtain the minerals from the soil?
Rain and water in the soil break down the minerals in the soil so the minerals are in solution (part of the liquid). The plants can then absolrb the nutrients through their roots.
200
What 2 mechnisms drive the rock cycle?
weathering and tectonics
200
Define water holding capacity and what is this measured in?
Water holding capacity is the amount of water a volume of soil can hold. This is measured in liters or mililiters
300
What type of rock forms when heat or pressure is applied to an existing rock
A metamorphic rock.
300
What are the 3 main components of mineral materials in soil? What is the primary difference between the 3?
Sand, silt, and clay The main difference is the size of the particles: sand is the largest and clay is the smallest.
300
Draw and label an accurate model of potassium 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
12 protons (+) and 12 neutrons (0) in the nucleus 2 electrons (-) in the first shell 8 electrons in the second shell (-) 2 electronsin the third shell (-)
300
What compound is found in most rocks? What 2 main rocks is the earth composed of?
SiO2 - silicon dioxide granite and basalt
300
Define soil erosion. list 2 human activities that increase the rateof soil erosion.
the movement of soil thru wind or water. overgrazing, urbanization, agriculture, or deforestation
400
What type of rock may contain fossils?
Clastic sedimentary
400
What is the primary compound in mineral materials?
SiO2 - silicon dioxide
400
what is the difference between elements, compounds, and mixtures?
elements are made atoms that have a specific number of protons in the nucleus compounds are made of 2 or more elements bonded together mixtures are made of elements and compounds stirred together but not bonded
400
Describe how weathering drives the rock cycle
weathering is the break down and transportation of rocks; these sediments are eventually used to build other rocks
400
How does erosion impact topsoil and plant health?
Topsoil is the O-horizon and contains the most plant nutrients.Erosion of this layer decreases the nutrients that are available to plants; making plant growth and reproduction more difficult.
500
What is the difference between the formation of clastic, chemical, and organic sedimentary?
Clastic sedimentary is formed from rocks and sediments that have been cemented together from pressure Chemical sedimentary is formed from minerals that remain when water evaporates Organic sedimentary is formed from dead plants
500
Where does the mineral components of soils originate from?
Weathered or eroded rocks
500
What primary compound would the mantle of the earth be composed of?
silicon dioxide
500
Describe how tectonics drives the rock cycle
tectonics is the movement of the plates over the earth's mantle (layer of the earth made of molten rock that is continually moving). As the plates move mountains are porduced form the uplift of plates only to be worn down again by weathering, rocks are broken apart and reformed at the plate boundaries.
500
List the soil horizons in order from the surface. Describe the top layer, second layer, and bottom layer.
O, A, E, B, C, R The O-horizon is made of humus or decayed plant and animal material and is primarily dark in color. The A-horizon is made of a combination of minerals and humus. The R-layer is composed of bedrock/parent material/rock
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