AP Bio
What are plasmids?
Plasmids are circular, single-stranded DNA molecules found in bacteria/archae [prokaryotes]
Name the three types of chemical bonds.
Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds.
6: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes, cerebellum, brainstem
This Austrian monk is known as the father of genetics for his experiments with pea plants. Who is he?
Gregor Mendel
From the Human Eye lec: In dim light, the pupil does what?
The pupil dilates, and gets bigger
What is the theory that explains how substrates can bind to enzymes
Reminder: there are 2 theories, provide the one that is most correct
Induced Fit theory vs Lock and Key
The tendency for how well an atom wants to keep their electrons is known as ?
electronegativity
This blood vessel type carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart
artery
In a food chain, this type of organism breaks down dead matter and recycles nutrients back into the ecosystem. What is it?
Decomposer
From the Human Eye lecture, what is the name of structure that protects the eye and helps focus light?
The cornea
A hydrophilic peptide hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. The hormone targets specific cells in many parts of the body.
Which of the following best explains a possible mechanism that would enable the hormone to efficiently reach all of the target cells in the body?
A. The hormone interacts with the nerves at the base of the brain and directs signals to the target cells through the nervous system.
B. The hormone diffuses into target cells adjacent to the anterior pituitary gland, where the hormone is degraded.
C. The hormone is released into the bloodstream where it can be transported to all cells with the correct receptors.
D. The hormone moves through cytoplasmic connections between cells until it has reached all cells with the correct intracellular binding sites.
C: The bloodstream is the most effective way to distribute a hormone that has to reach multiple target cells that are relatively long distances from the source of the hormone.
What is the difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions?
Exothermic reactions are those in which bonds are formed and energy is released.
Endothermic reactions are those in which bonds are broken and energy is taken in.
This organ produces bile, detoxifies blood, and stores glycogen
The liver
This process occurs when organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations. What is it?
Natural Selection
Human Eye Lecture: Name the 3 type of cones and where they are located?
3 cones: Red, Green, Blue
found in the Retina
A plant cell has a solute potential of -0.5 MPa and a pressure potential of 0.2 MPa. What is the overall water potential of the cell? (Hint: Ψ = Ψs + Ψp.)
BE CAREFUL
-0.3 MPa
Balance the following chemical equation:
C3H8+O2→CO2+H2O
C3H8+5O2→3CO2+4H2O
This neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for muscle contractions; the most common neurotransmitter found
maybe double
Acetylcholine
This evolutionary process occurs when two unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environments
Convergent evolution
Human Eye lecture: All sensory information [sight, sound, touch] except for smell is relayed where?
Be Specific
The Thalamus
What is the bond between the phosphate group and two sugars in a DNA polymer called?
Phosphodiester bond
This element, commonly found in sand, is the second most abundant element in Earth's crust and is used in semiconductors. What is it?”
Double pointsSilicon
This hormone is released by the pancreas to increase blood sugar levels
glucagon
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle states that a population’s allele frequencies remain constant if these five conditions are met.
BONUS: slow down n think
No mutation, random mating, no natural selection, large population size, no gene flow?
Human Eye Lecture: Name the 2 muscles responsible for pupil constriction and dilation.
Constrict: sphincter pupillae
Dilate: dilator pupillae