Biology
Chemistry
Types of Energy
Energy Transformations
Water Cycle & Specific Heat Capacity
100
What is the function of DNA?
Store and transmit genetic information
100
What happens to electrons in ionic bonds?
Electrons are transferred from metals to non-metals
100
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
kinetic - energy in motion
potential - stored energy due to position
100
What type of energy transformation occurs when a plant absorbs sunlight?
solar energy turns into chemical energy
100
What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of energy it takes to heat 1 gram of substance up by 1 degree Celcius.
200
What are the three main components of DNA?
sugar-phosphate backbone
nitrogenous base pairs (adenine-thymine, guanine-cytosine)
200
Is NO an example of an ionic or a covalent bond?
Covalent (two non-metals)
200
Name three types of kinetic energy.
mechanical, radiant, thermal, sound
200
Name two energy transformations developed by humans that provide us with benefits. What are the negative impacts of these?
cement - CO2 emissions
Steam engines - air pollution
batteries - toxic waste
gas powered vehicles - air pollution
nuclear reactors - radiation is harmful to life
fuel cells - CO2 emissions
200
What are the four stages in the water cycle?
condensation
precipitation
evaporation & transpiration
run-off
300
What is a DNA mutation? What do they do?
A change in the code of the nitrogenous base pair sequence.
It changes the structure or function of something in that organism. May be good or bad.
300
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Mass is neither created nor destroyed.
300
Name four types of potential energy.
chemical (energy stored in bonds), elastic, gravitational, nuclear, electrical, magnetic
300
Why does some of the incoming solar energy not reach the surface of the earth?
some absorbed by atmosphere and clouds, some reflected by clouds and aerosols
300
What is condensation?
change of matter from gaseous to liquid state (formation of clouds in the atmosphere)
400
What is natural selection?
Survival of the fittest. The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment survive and produce more offspring.
400
What happens to the temperature of the reactants in an endothermic reaction?
They get warmer. Endothermic reactions take in energy (heat) from the environment. Exothermic give off energy (heat).
400
Why is thermal energy a type of kinetic energy?
Thermal energy is the random motion of the particles in a substance. Kinetic energy involves anything in motion.
400
What is the difference between conduction, convection, and radiation? How do they all impact atmospheric temperature?
conduction - heat transfer by touching (land warms air)
convection - heat transfer by current (warm air rises)
radiation - heath transfer by electromagnetic waves (land heats air)
400
Compare and contrast (name similarities and differences) of evaporation and transpiration.
similarities - both release water vapour (gas) to the atmosphere
differences - evaporation is when water from the earth's surface turns from liquid to gas; transpiration is the release of water vapour from plants
500
What is an example of an adaptation of a species living in Norman Wells?
smaller trees - shorter growing season
ptarmigan changing colour in winter
musox - warm quiviut for cold temperatures
500
What are four types of reactions?
synthesis: A + B --> AB
decomposition: AB --> A + B
single replacement: AB + C --> AC + B
double replacement: AB + CD --> AD + BC
combustion: AB + 02 --> AO (CO2) + BO (CO2)
500
In a Rube Goldberg machine, a candle pops a balloon, which is holding up a ruler. When the balloon pops, the ruler falls onto a bell that rings.
Outline the energy transformations that occur.
chemical PE --> thermal KE -->mechanical KE --> elastic PE + gravitational PE --> mechanical KE + sound KE
500
What is the greenhouse effect?
Greenhouse gases (CO2, water vapour, methane, nitrous oxide) trap the heat of the atmosphere (absorb incoming infrared radiation from the sun), preventing it escaping to space.
As a result, we have an environment on earth capable of life, but also global warming (climate change) negatively impacting global ecosystems.
500
Evaluate this graph, comparing aluminum to water. Analyze what this means.
Water has a higher specific heat capacity than aluminum. That means that it takes more energy to heat the same amount of water up than it does aluminum. However, water will hold onto the heat for longer than aluminum, staying warmer for longer.