Physics
What is the speed of light in a vacuum (in m/s)?
3.0 x 108 m/s
Which part of the plant cell stores cell sap?
Vacuole
What is the chemical symbol for potassium?
K
What is the smallest unit of an element that still has its properties?
Atom
What is the formula for calculating density?
Density = Mass / Volume
What is the role of the xylem?
To transport water and mineral ions from roots to leaves
What type of ions do bases produce in water?
Hydroxide ions (OH⁻)
Which famous scientist developed the three laws of motion?
Isaac Newton
Which types of lens converges light rays to a focus?
Convex lens
What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic uses oxygen and releases more energy; anaerobic does not use oxygen and releases less energy
Which type of bonding involves a “sea of delocalised electrons”?
Metallic bonding
What is the main gas responsible for global warming?
Carbon dioxide
What energy change occurs in a hydroelectric power station?
Gravitational potential energy -> kinetic energy -> electrical energy
What are the finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption?
Villi
Name the products of the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate.
Calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
What is the branch of biology that studies classification of organisms?
Taxonomy
A 2 kg object is lifted 5 m vertically. Calculate the work done (g = 10 N/kg).
100 J
What process produces gametes in humans?
Meiosis
Explain why diamond is very hard but graphite is soft.
Diamond has a giant 3D covalent lattice; graphite has layers with weak forces between them, allowing layers to slide.
What is the study of matter, energy, and the universe as a whole called?
Physics (or Cosmology if you want the advanced answer)