Layers of the Earth
The center of the earth
What is the core?
An inorganic substance found naturally in the earth
What is a mineral?
Form when heat and pressure cause substances within the earth to combine
What is a crystal?
A mineral that can be cut and polished for use
What is a gemstone?
A hard, natural substance made of one or more minerals
What is a rock?
The outer layer of the earth
What is the crust?
Made of things that have never been alive
What is an inorganic substance?
The color of the mark that is made when a sample is rubbed on a harder surface
What is a streak?
Using extreme heat to cause the metal to melt and separate from the other rock minerals
What is smelting?
Type of rock formed from cooled magma or volcanic lava
What is igneous rock?
The layer between the core and crust
What is the mantle?
Scientists who study minerals
Who are mineralogists?
The way a mineral reflects light
What is luster?
The mineral used in toothpaste
What is fluorite?
The rock formed from cooled foamy lava
What is pumice?
Melted rock underground
What is magma?
Results from the orderly arrangement of the particles that make up the mineral
What is a crystal?
How easily a mineral resists scratching
What is hardness?
Metals are usually found in rocks called these
What are ores?
Formed when layers of sediment and organic material hardened
What is sedimentary rock?
Magma that flows from an opening onto the surface
What is lava?
The solid materials of the earth's crust are made up of these
What are minerals?
The breaking of a mineral along smooth, straight lines or into flat sheets
What is cleavage
Manmade gems
What are synthetic gems?
Formed by heat and pressure deep below the earth's crust
What is metamorphic rock?