Mix of topics
Why is water considered a universal solvent?
Water is a universal solvent as it dissolves many kinds of substances
How are cohesion, adhesion, universal solvents, capillary action and high specific heat important to life?
Cohesion: helps water move through
plant tissues, from roots to leaves.
Adhesion: it helps water to be able to travel through a plant's xylem.
Universal solvent: helps cells transport and use substances like oxygen or nutrients
Capillary action: Allows capillaries to transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems
High specific heat: It allows water to absorb a lot of heat before it begins to get hot thus it helps maintain cellular temperature in living organisms
What is water purification? State the stages of water purification
Water purification is the process
of removing impurities,
contaminants, and pollutants from
water to make it safe for human
consumption, industrial use,
agriculture, and environmental
purposes. The stages of purifying water are:
1/ Coagulation & flocculation
2/ Sedimentation
3/ Filtration
4/disinfection
5/storage and distribution
6/testing and monitoring
Differentiate between a food chain and a food web
A food chain is a linear representation of the flow of energy from one organism to another while a food web is a collection of food chains interconnected from the same ecosystem
How do the teeth help with digestion?
Incisors: Helps by biting and cutting food into smaller pieces with their sharp chisel- life shape
Canine: The shape (pointed and sharp) allows our mouth to hold and grip food
Pre molar/bicuspid: These teeth have a flat surface with ridges, allowing them to crush and grind food into smaller portions
Molar: Because of molars have a broad surface, they are used for grinding
What percentage of water makes up the Earth's surface? What percentage of water makes up the human body and living cells?
Earth's surface: 70%
Human body: 65%
Living cells: 90%
What is water conservation? Give some methods of conserving water
Water conservation refers to the preservation and control of water by using certain strategies and practices.
Methods:
- Wash fruit and vegetables in a pan of water instead of running water from a tap
- Reuse the water used to wash fruits and vegetables to water plants
- Use one glass for drinking to minimize the number of glasses to wash
- Leave lower branches on trees and scrubs and allow leaf litter to accumulate on the soil to prevent evaporation
What are the water purification methods?
Filtration- Filtration involves passing water through a porous medium to physically trap and remove suspended particles, sediments, and some microorganisms.
Chlorination- Chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds to water to disinfect it by killing bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.
Boiling- Boiling water for a minimum of one minute effectively kills most bacteria, viruses, and parasites, making it safe to drink.
Reverse Osmosis- Reverse osmosis involves forcing water through a semi-permeable membrane that allows water molecules to pass through while blocking contaminants and dissolved solids.
Activated Carbon adsorption- Activated carbon
adsorption uses porous carbon materials to adsorb organic compounds, chlorine, and some chemicals from water, improving taste and odour.
Distillation- Distillation involves heating water to create steam, then condensing the steam back into liquid form, leaving behind contaminants and impurities.
UV Treatment- Ultraviolet (UV) treatment uses UV radiation to disrupt the DNA of microorganisms, rendering them incapable of reproducing and causing disease.
What is respiration?
Respiration is the process by which living cells oxidize food or burn food and release energy, at the same time giving off carbon dioxide.
What are the stages in the digestive process
Ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption,transport and excretion
State 5 importances of the water cycle
1/ Hydroelectric Power
2/ Sustaining Life
3/ Agriculture
4/ Climate Regulation
5/ Freshwater Distribution
What are 5 examples of water sources?
Oceans, lakes, rivers, water vapour and seas
What is the oxygen cycle and what are the stages in the oxygen cycle?
The oxygen cycle is a cycle that describes the movement of oxygen within the earth’s three main reservoirs. The steps involved in the oxygen cycle are:
Stage-1: All green plants during the process of photosynthesis, release oxygen back into the atmosphere as a by-product.
Stage-2: All aerobic organisms use free oxygen for respiration.
Stage-3: Animals exhale Carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere which is again used by the plants during photosynthesis. Now oxygen is balanced within the atmosphere.
Name the organs invovled in the respiratory system (on the exam you are going to need to describe their functions so do that on your own)
Nasal Cavity
Pharnyx
Larnyx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
alveoli
What are the organs in the digestive process
What is a property? State the properties of water
A property describes the characteristics of something.
Appearance: colorless, odorless, tasteless
Freezing point: 0 C
Boiling point: 100 C
States of matter: ice (solid) steam (liquid) water vapour (gas)
Density: 1 g/cm 3
Define the following in relation to water sources:
* Lakes & ponds
*Reservoirs
*Ocean
* Water vapour
*Seas
* River & streams
Lakes and ponds: These are bodies of standing freshwater
Reservoirs: Man-made lakes created by damming rivers for various purposes (water supply, electricity generation and recreation)
Ocean: Vast bodies of saltwater that cover most of the Earth's surface.
Water Vapour: Water in the form of gas present in the Earth's atmosphere.
Seas: Smaller saltwater bodies connected to oceans
Rivers & streams: Flowing bodies of freshwater that often originate from mountains and flow into larger bodies of water
How is oxygen used up?
Respiration, rusting, combustion and decomposing
Differentiate between macronutrients and micronutrients
Macronutrients are the nutrients your body needs in larger amounts, namely carbohydrates, protein and fat. These nutrients provide the body with energy while micronutrients are the nutrients the body needs in smaller amounts, which are referred to as vitamins and minerals.
What is an ion?
An ion is a negatively or positively charged particle
Define the following:
Cohesion
Adhesion
Surface Tension
Capillary Action
Cohesion: A force that causes water molecules to be attracted to each other
Adhesion: A property that causes water molecules to be attracted to other surfaces
Surface tension: It is the skin of the surface of the water caused by cohesive forces between water molecules
Capillary action: Is when liquids can flow in a narrow space, even against gravity
What is the water cycle? What are the main stages in the water cycle? What are 3 additional stages to keep in mind?
The water cycle is a continuous and natural process that ensures the availability of freshwater on Earth. The stages of the water cycle are: evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection. 3 additional stages in the water cycle are runoff, transpiration and repetition
What is the photosynthesis formula?
CO2 + H2O --> C6 H12O6 + O2
(note: above the arrow should be sunlight and below the arrow should be chlorophyll)
What is digestion?
Digestion is the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller, more absorbable components that can be utilized for energy, growth and repair
What are separating techniques?
Separating techniques are methods or processes that are used to separate mixtures into their respective components.