DNA vs RNA
Where are the instructions for the sequence of amino acids encoded?
In the DNA.
How many bases make up the letters for the code?
Four
How many amino acids does each codon stand for?
One
True or False: Transcription is the first step in protein synthesis.
True
Which comes first, translation or transcription?
Transcription
True or False: RNA contains thymine.
False
What is a code word called?
A codon.
How many possible codons are there?
Sixty-four
Where does transcription take place?
The cell's nucleus.
Where does translation take place?
At a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
Which one is smaller and can squeeze through pores in the cell membrane?
RNA
True or False: Five bases make up code "words".
False
True or False: AUG is the start signal.
True
What is transcription?
Process of copying a DNA sequence into a strand of mRNA.
What happens during translation?
The genetic code in mRNA is read to make a protein.
What does RNA do?
It copies and carries the instructions from the DNA to a ribosome.
What is genetic code based on?
The sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA.
Name at least one of the stop codons.
Possible answers: UAG, UGA, or UAA
During transcription, why is DNA copied?
To make a strand of mRNA.
Where does the molecule of mRNA move to from the nucleus?
A ribosome.
Which type of RNA brings amino acids to a ribosome where they join together to make proteins?
Transfer RNA
What does the genetic code being the the same in all organisms show?
All organisms are related by descent from a common ancestor.
Why are most amino acids coded by more than one codon?
It reduces the risk of the wrong amino acid being selected if there was a mistake in the code.
What happens during the first step of transcription?
An enzyme binds to the DNA and signals for it to unwind.
What do molecules of tRNA bring?
Amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence.