Earth's Crust & Plate Tectonics
This rigid outer part of Earth includes the crust and uppermost mantle.
What is the lithosphere?
This is the point inside Earth where an earthquake begins.
What is the focus?
This instrument detects and records earthquake vibrations.
What is a seismograph?
Magma gets this new name after it reaches Earth's surface.
What is lava?
This type of volcano is broad with gentle slopes and usually produces flowing lava.
What is a shield volcano?
This theory explains the movement of large sections of Earth's lithosphere.
What is plate tectonics?
This point on Earth's surface is located directly above an earthquake's focus.
What is the epicenter?
This term describes the amount of energy released by an earthquake.
What is magnitude?
This bowl-shaped opening is located at the top of a volcano.
What is a crater?
This type of volcano commonly has a bowl-shaped crater and one main vent.
What is a cinder cone volcano?
These breaks in Earth's crust allow rocks to move.
What are faults?
These vibrations carry energy away from an earthquake's focus.
What are seismic waves?
This scale is used to measure earthquake magnitude.
What is the Richter Scale?
This is the passage through which magma travels toward the surface.
What is the main vent?
This fast-moving mixture of mud, water, rocks, and volcanic material can rush down the side of a volcano.
What is a debris flow?
This area surrounding the Pacific Ocean contains a large number of Earth's volcanoes.
What is the Ring of Fire?
These seismic waves travel through Earth's interior and move faster than surface waves.
What are body waves?
Earthquake magnitude increases as the amount of this released during an earthquake increases.
What is energy?
This underground area stores magma beneath a volcano.
What is the magma chamber?
This term describes volcanic fog.
What is vog?
Groundwater heated by magma can rise to Earth's surface and form this feature.
What is a hot spring?
These slower waves travel along Earth's surface and usually cause the greatest damage.
What are surface waves?
The Richter Scale measures magnitude, while the Modified Mercalli Scale describes these observable results of an earthquake.
What are the effects or damage?
This fast-moving cloud of extremely hot gas, ash, and rock fragments can race down the side of a volcano.
What is a pyroclastic flow?
A volcano can produce different kinds of eruptions over time because these characteristics can change, including the amount of trapped gas.
What are the characteristics of the magma?