Thermal & Kinetic Energy
What is the energy of motion
Kinetic energy
Which object is at the center of our solar system?
The sun
What is the basic unit of an element?
An atom.
What force keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?
Gravity
A flashlight changes chemical energy stored in a battery into what useful form of energy?
Light energy
What does a thermometer measure?
Temperature
What causes day and night on Earth?
Earth rotating on its axis
Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
Electron
Which planet is closest to the sun?
Mercury
An electric toaster changes electrical energy primarily into what form?
Thermal energy
What happens to particle motion when a substance is heated?
Particles move faster, increasing their average kinetic energy
What causes the phases of the Moon
We see different portions of the Moon's sunlit half as the Moon orbits Earth.
Which two particles are found in an atom's nucleus?
protons and neutrons
What is the difference between rotation and revolution?
Rotation is spinning on an axis; revolution is orbiting another object.
What energy conversion occurs when a ball falls from a height?
Gravitational potential energy changes into kinetic energy.
A moving truck and a moving bicycle travel at the same speed. Which generally has more kinetic energy?
The truck, because it has more mass.
What causes Earth's seasons?
Earth's axial tilt as Earth revolves around the Sun.
What determines the identity of an element?
The number of protons
Why does the Moon orbit Earth instead of traveling in a straight line?
Earth's gravity continually changes the Moon's direction of motion.
What energy conversion occurs when sunlight powers a solar panel?
Radiant (light) energy changes into electrical energy.
Two pots contain the same substance at the same temperature, but one contains twice as much matter. Which generally has more thermal energy?
The pot containing more matter
During a solar eclipse, what is positioned between the Sun and Earth?
The Moon.
An atom has 8 protons and 10 neutrons. What element is it, and what is its mass number?
Oxygen, Mass Number is 18
What two factors affect the gravitational attraction between two objects?
Their masses and the distance between them.
A student eats food and runs up a flight of stairs. Describe the energy conversion.
Chemical energy in food is converted into kinetic energy and thermal energy; gravitational potential energy increases as the student rises.