Movers and Shakers
The layer of the Earth that makes up most of Earth's mass and is made up of molten rock
The Mantle
The two key ingredients to make a metamorphic rock are
heat and pressure
The Rocky Mountains formed by what type of plate boundary?
Convergent plate boundary
Scientists that study fossils are called
Paleontologists
The movement of rocks and minerals from one place to another is called:
Erosion
A force that causes the inner core of the Earth to remain solid
Pressure
The crust is made up of
rocks and minerals
The region of the Earth that has the highest number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions each year
The Ring of Fire
The last period of the Dinosaurs
Cretaceous period
What is the difference between weathering and erosion
Weathering= breaking down from the elements
Erosion=movement of particles
A landscape feature that forms when an oceanic plate slides underneath another oceanic plate or continental plate. Often results in a trench or mountains.
Subduction Zone
When magma hardens and crystalized beneath the Earth's surface
Intrusive igneous rocks
Bends in the rock, often see these in types of mountains
Folds
When an organism is burried under many layers of sediment, pressure and heat build up, leaving a thin film of carbon residue on the rock surfaces. This residue forms the outline of the organism and is called .
carbonaceous film
This property of minerals describes how light is reflected off of the mineral's surface
Lustre
New land is often created through what type of boundary
Divergent boundaries
When sediment is compacted and cemented it forms what class of rock?
Sedimentary
When 2 plates collide, one plate is forced under the other in areas called
Subduction
What information can fossils tell you
1. Mobility- how they move
2. Anatomy- how it looked
3. Diet- what it ate
4. Lifestyle- where and how it lived
Which is more likely to be preserved as a fossil?
Shell of a snail
Grand Canyon was created incrementally by what force?
Erosion- wind and water
Explains the various processes that rocks undergo to change state
The Rock Cycle
Name the 4 pieces of evidence Alfred Wegener used to support his theory of Continental Drift
1. Geologic evidence (mountain ranges and other landscape formations connect across continents)
2. Biological evidence (same fossils found on different continents)
3. Evidence for climate change (glacier evidence in warm climates, coal formation in cold climates)
4. Puzzle piece continents
What process is this..
- Water penetrates the bones of the dead animal and dissolves the calcium carbonate in the bones
- Silica (quartz), a hard mineral, deposits on the bones and stays, turning the bones into a petrified (rock-like) substance.
How bones become petrified
Earthquakes are measured on a device called a...