Cells
Two types of cells
plant and animal cells
What are the differences in plant and animal cells?
a cell wall
chloroplasts
large central vacuole
What is asexual reproduction?
means a one parent creates offspring that are genetically identical to itself
What is pollination?
the process by which pollen is transferred from the male anther of a plant to the female stigma
What are prokaryotic cells?
single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
bacteria and the archaea
What are cells?
the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body
What are the three main parts of a cell?
the cell membrane
the nucleus
the cytoplasm
What is sexual reproduction?
involves two parents contributing genetic information through a sperm and an egg to produce offspring with a mix of traits from both parents
What are some pollinators?
an animal that helps plants produce fruit or seeds – bees, birds, bats
What are eukaryotic cells?
a cell that has a well-defined nucleus, where the DNA is stored, surrounded by a membrane, and also contains other specialized structures called organelles, which are like tiny organs within the cell
What is a plant cell?
the basic building block of all plants, which is characterized by a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, a large central vacuole for storage, and chloroplasts that allow the plant to create its own food through photosynthesis
Define:
chromosome mitochondrion cytoplasm
chromosome - tiny thread-like DNA bodies found in the cell nuclei
mitochondrion- tiny rod string structures in plants and animals that process food for energy
cytoplasm - inherited genetic material in a cell not specified by its own nucleus
binary fission - cell splitting in single-celled organisms like bacteria
budding - a small growth or "bud" develops into a new organism, like in yeast or hydra
What is self-pollination?
the process of transferring pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or to a flower on the same plant
What is a complex cell found in most living things like plants, animals, and fungi?
eukaryotic
What is an animal cell?
the basic building block of all animals, a tiny unit enclosed by a cell membrane that contains a nucleus and other organelles, responsible for carrying out life functions like absorbing nutrients, producing energy, and helping an animal move
Define:
nucleus vacuole nucleolus
nucleus- part of the cell that controls growth and reproduction
vacuole - a membrane enclosure within a cell that contains substances isolated from the protoplasm
nucleolus - a small spherical body in the nucleus that consists of protein and RNA
Asexual reproduction: What are fragmentation and vegetative propagation?
fragmentation - a body breaks into pieces, each of which grows into a new organism, like in some starfish and earthworms
vegetative propagation - new plants grow from parts of the parent plant like stems or roots
What is cross pollination?
the process of applying pollen from one flower to the pistils of another flower. Pollination occurs in nature with the help of insects and wind
What part of the plant cell makes its own food?
chloroplasts
Define:
organ tissue cell membrane
organ - a specialized structure that performs a certain function
tissue- the mass of cells in a plant of animal that form a specific organ
cell membrane - the semipermeable membrane that encloses the contents of a cell
What are the characteristics of living organisms?
1. reproduction 2.growth and development
3. response to stimuli 4. cellular organization
5. energy usage 6. maintaining homeostasis (internal stability)
7. the ability to adapt to their environment
Help
Artificial pollination - also called anthropophily, this is when humans spread pollen grains over female flowers to assist with pollination. This method is used when other pollinators are unable to do the job.
Creating pollinator-friendly habitat that help pollinators by creating habitats that support them. Provide food supplies for pollinators - bird feeder
Hurt
Using sprays that kill insect pollinators