Topic 1 - Using Energy from Heat
What is the Scientific Term we used as a synonym for Heat?
i.e - Heat can also be called what?
Thermal Energy
Who invented the First Thermometer?
Galileo
True or False: Particles are always moving?
True
If something has more energy, its temperature will _______________?
Increase
Answers may vary:
air dry clothes - now we have drying machines
used to use fire to boil water - then we used stove top elements - now we have portable kettle machines
air dry hair - towels to dry hair - now we have blow dryers
What are the 3 different scales used to tell temperature?
Celsius - Fahrenheit - Kelvin
In your own words (or movements) describe particle motion for each of the three states: Solid, Liquid, Gas
answers may vary
What is pure waters boiling and freezing point?
100 degrees celsius
0 degrees celsius
What are the 3 modes of Thermal energy Transfer?
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Describe the 3 steps for calibrating a thermometer
Place Thermometer in an ice-water bath and mark the liquid/wax level line at 0 degrees
Then, place it in boiling water. Mark this new level as 100 degrees
Divide your thermometer, using a ruler, equally into different parts.
Energy always flows in a direction from ________ energy, to an object with _______ energy. Give an example of this and its specific energy transfer.
from High Energy to an object with Low Energy
An example of this, is the sitting a hot bath tub. The energy from the water around you (high energy) will flow into you (low energy) - warming you upDefine what Absolute Zero is, and list which scale its used in, and one main difference this scale has with the other scales?
Absolute Zero is the coldest anything in our universe can get.
it is used in the Kelvin Scale
used by scientists, does not have any negative numbers, lack the term "degree" (i.e Degree Celsius, we do not say Degree Kelvin)
Whats the problem with having to calculate the total amount of energy in a situation?
Hint: Think about the end of topic 3
To track the energy of each particle is way to difficult
- Particles are to small to see
-Way to many to count
List 3 of the seven different types of thermometers we covered in class. Use your own words to describe how they work.
Liquid Thermometer - mercury, alcohol, or wax is place in a tube. When this thermometer is placed in an environment, its liquid level will rise or lower showing the temperature
Thermocouple - wires of 2 different metals are twisted. when the tips are heated, a small current flows. The size of this current can turn switches/valves when temperature changes
Bimetallic strip - 2 metal strips joined together. As this strip is heated, one of the metals expands more than the other which forces the strip to coil in more tightly. The process is reversed when it's cooled.
Recording Thermometer - uses a bimetallic strip with a special pen on the end. As the strip expands and contracts the pen is constantly making markings.
Infrared Thermogram (IR) - Specialized technology that displays images on a screen. The colour of brightness of the infrared image shows the temperature of the object.
Crystal - used in rings
Laser thermometers - pointed at what you want measured. Uses laser technology to broadcast the temperature of the object.
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
“Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transformed from one type to another or passed from one object to another.”
When discussing the 3 rules for the Particle Model of Matter, we linked particles and their movement with our Unit Heat and Temperature. What is this 4th rule?
The motion/movement of particles increases when temperature increases.
They move faster when they are hot
Sequence is the opposite when discussing the cooling of particles.
In class, we discussed 4 ways in which we can Control Thermal energy... Can you name 3 of these?
Generate Thermal Energy
Transfer Thermal Energy
Control Thermal Energy
Remove Thermal Energy
Why must we use pure water when calibrating a thermometer?
When calibrating a thermometer, it is best to do so at sea-level. Explain why?
Pure water has an absolute freezing and boiling temperature. With impuraties such as salt, this may change its boiling & freezing temperature.
Water boils at different temperatures at different altitudes.
Can you name the 3 rules we discussed in relation to the Particle Model of Matter?
All particles are made up of tiny particles to small to be seen with the human eye
Particles are always in motion - vibrating, rotating, or actually moving around
Particles, no matter what the state (solid, liquid, gas), always have space in between them
Explain why - when we add ice cubes to a glass of water we are not adding coldness. Instead, we are doing what? Please explain.
We are actually drawing the heat out of the water. The heat from the water is being absorbed by the ice cubes - which as a result will cool the waters overall temperature.