Matter Basics
100 points
This is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Mass
This property is the mass per unit volume of a substance.
density
A sample has a mass of 24 g and a volume of 6 cm³. Its density is this.
4 g/cm³
Using D=M/V, 24 g/6 cm³=4 g/cm³.
Melting a popsicle or crushing an aluminum can is this kind of change, because the substance’s identity remains the same.
physical change
**Daily Double
This is the tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion.
inertia
This is the three-dimensional size of a body or region; liquid amounts may be measured in mL or L.
volume
This physical form of matter includes solids, liquids, and gases; ice is an example of one form.
state
A liquid has a density of 2 g/mL and a volume of 7 mL. Its mass is this.
14g
Using M=D× V, 2 g/mL×7 mL=14 g.
Sugar dissolving in water is this kind of change.
physical change
These properties can be observed or measured without causing a chemical change in the substance.
physical properties
This curved surface of a liquid is where you read the liquid’s volume.
meniscus
This property describes how readily a substance dissolves in another substance, as flavored drink mix dissolves in water.
solubility
A solid has a mass of 45 g and a density of 5 g/cm³. Its volume is this.
9 cm³
Using V=M/D, 45 g/5 g/cm³=9 cm³.
Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of this type of property: the ability of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction.
chemical property
These changes affect one or more physical properties but do not create a new substance. Give one example.
physical changes
These are three common units for measuring mass.
milligrams, grams, and kilograms?
This property is the ability to be pulled into wire; copper has it.
ductility
A student’s chart lists shampoo at 1.2 g/mL, dish soap at 1.1 g/mL, vegetable oil at 0.9 g/mL, and water at 1.0 g/mL. Based on density alone, this liquid would be expected to form the bottom layer.
shampoo
It has the greatest listed density, 1.2 g/mL, so it is expected to form the bottom layer.
Soured milk and an effervescent tablet fizzing in water are examples of this kind of change, in which new substances form.
chemical change
**Daily Double
This is the name for the ability to burn. Rusting is an example of a substance’s reactivity with this element.
flammability; oxygen
Unlike mass, this describes the gravitational pull acting on an object. Mass measures the amount of matter; this can vary with gravity.
weight
Name these three properties: how quickly a substance transfers heat, how easily it can be rolled or pounded into thin sheets, and how strongly it resists changes in motion.
thermal conductivity, malleability, and inertia
A chart shows three samples: A has a mass of 18 g and volume of 6 cm³; B has a mass of 20 g and volume of 10 cm³; C has a mass of 16 g and volume of 4 cm³. This sample has the greatest density.
sample C
Its density is 16 g/4 cm³=4 g/cm³, greater than the density of A, 3 g/cm³, and B, 2 g/cm³
A color or odor change, heat, fizzing or foaming, or sound or light can be evidence of this process. Explain what happens to the matter.
chemical change
Matter’s identity changes as one or more substances become new substances with different properties.
Chemical changes rarely reverse easily, but this example shows one that can be reversed through another chemical change: water formed in a rocket can be split into these two substances using an electric current.
hydrogen and oxygen