Plant and Animal Systems
The enzyme in saliva that begins the chemical digestion of starch.
Salivary Amylase
The basic unit of heredity that contains information influencing a particular trait.
gene
The highest taxonomic category commonly used to classify organisms based on major differences in cellular structure and molecular characteristics.
domain
The flattened membrane-bound sacs inside chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions occur.
Thylakoids
The scientist who developed the first modern atomic theory based on experimental evidence and proposed that atoms were solid, indivisible spheres.
Answer: John Dalton
The acidic substance in the stomach that helps activate digestive enzymes and kills many microorganisms in food.
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
The allele that is expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual under complete dominance.
Dominant Allele
An organism is discovered living in a highly salty environment and has molecular characteristics typical of organisms adapted to extreme conditions. Which domain would most likely include it?
archaea
What raw material is processed during the light dependent phase of photosynthesis?
water
The atomic model that described electrons embedded within a positively charged sphere.
Answer: Plum pudding model
The vascular tissue that transports sugars and other organic nutrients from sources such as leaves to other parts of the plant.
Phloem
The principle stating that paired alleles separate during gamete formation so that each gamete receives only one allele.
Law of Segregation
Absorptive nutrition and spore production are common characteristics of ___________.
fungi
The molecule that temporarily stores chemical energy produced during the light-dependent reactions and is later used in the Calvin cycle.
ATP
The scientist whose wave equation helped establish the quantum mechanical description of electrons.
Answer: Erwin Schrödinger
A root system made up of many thin roots of similar size arising from the base of the stem, commonly found in grasses.
Fibrous Root System
The probability that an offspring from Aa × Aa will inherit two recessive alleles.
25% Probability
The two-part system used to give each species a universally recognized scientific name.
Binomial Nomenclature
The first major stage of cellular respiration in which one glucose molecule is split into two pyruvate molecules.
Glycolysis
A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.
Answer: Cation
The microscopic functional unit of the kidney where filtration and urine formation occur.
nephron
An inheritance pattern in which both alleles are fully and simultaneously expressed in a heterozygote.
Codominance
A scientist uses Apis mellifera rather than the common name “honey bee” when publishing a scientific study. The scientist is using a system that promotes accuracy and avoids ____________ caused by common names.
Confusion / Ambiguity
The alternative pathway used by cells to regenerate NAD⁺ when oxygen is unavailable or insufficient for aerobic respiration.
fermentation
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Answer: Isotopes