Biology
Why is reproduction important?
Survival of the species
What is the difference between a compound and an element?
Compound - made up of a two or more of elements
According to Western Science, give an example of something that is:
a) biotic b) abiotic
a) biotic - something living (plant, animal, bacteria, fungi, bug)
b) abiotic - non-living (rock, water, mountain)
Name two ways to generate electrical energy.
Solar panels, nuclear reactor, hydroelectric dam, gas-powered boiler, chemical battery
What is the difference between an insulator and a conductor? Name an example of each.
conductor - allows flow of electrons (electricity) (ex. copper, metal)
insulator - does not allow flow of electrons (ex. plastic, glass, rubber)
Name three types of asexual reproduction.
binary fission
budding
spores
vegetative propagation
clone
Which direction are the groups and periods in the periodic table?
groups - vertical, similar properties
periods - horizontal, same number of electron shells
What are the four spheres on the earth?
atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere
In a hydroelectric dam, how is electrical energy generated?
Will the current flow in a closed circuit? Why or why not?
Yes, the current will flow. Closed means that the switch is closed and all parts are connected so electrons can flow.
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Advantage: needs only one parent, quick, less energy than sexual reproduction, identical to parent (if environment stays the same, should survive)
Disadvantage: no genetic variation (if environment changes, all will die)
Name four physical or chemical properties of matter.
Physical properties: colour, malleability, texture, viscosity, ability to conduct heat/ electricity, state of matter (solid/liquid/gas), melting point, boiling point, hardness, solubility
Chemical properties: combustibility, reactivity with acids, reactivity with oxygen, lack or reactivity (inert)
Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related.
photosynthesis: takes in CO2, H20 and energy from the sun, makes oxygen and sugars
cellular respiration: uses sugars and oxygen, makes CO2, H20, and useable energy
What is the law of electric charge?
Use this to explain why a balloon can stick to a wall.
like charges repel, opposite charges attract
-Negative charges in the wall are pushed away from the surface from the negative charges in the balloon. The positive charges in the wall are attracted to the negative charges in the balloon. This force of the attraction is enough to hold the balloon to the wall.
Name three things you can do to reduce energy consumption.
turn off lights when you're not in a room
energy smart your home (plastic on window, energy efficient appliances)
reduce, reuse, recycle
What is an advantage and disadvantage of sexual reproduction?
Advantage: genetic diversity - allows adaptations, natural selection and better chance at survival
Disadvantage: takes more energy, more time, needs two parents
Name two differences between ionic and covalent compounds.
Ionic - metal + non-metal, transfers electrons
Covalent - non-metal +non-metal, shares electrons
a) What is the greenhouse effect?
b) What are two contributing greenhouse gases?
a) How gases and heat get trapped in the atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change
b) CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapour
What is used to prevent short circuits? Why is it important to avoid short circuits?
Fuses or optimal resistance/load are used to prevent short circuits (when a wire gets really hot and can start a fire because there is not enough resistance to the flow of the current). It is important to avoid because short circuits can start fires (house fires, vehicle or skidoo fires)
Name two renewable energy and two non-renewable energy sources.
Why is it important for humans to use more renewable energy sources?
Renewable energy: solar, wind, hydro, tidal, waves, geothermal, biomass (pellets)
Non-Renewable energy: nuclear, fossil fuels, coal, natural gas (finite resources can be used up, create greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change)
How does sexual reproduction lead to variations in the genetic diversity seen in a family over many generations?
Each parent passes on 50% of their DNA to their offspring each generation. Crossing-over of DNA from mother and father provides new combinations of DNA for the offspring. Offspring have some new DNA, but also retain some of the same codes as their parents.
What is the chemical formula for potassium fluoride?
K+1 F-1
swap charges
KF
Outline the three main components in a food web and how they interact with one another. Provide a local example from each category.
producers (make) - take energy from the sun and make their own food (plants and single celled organisms, eg. blueberries)
consumers (eat) - eat producers or other consumers (eg. bear)
decomposers - break down dead organic material to get energy they need (dead producers or consumers, eg. birch leaves)
Why are buildings constructed with parallel circuits instead of series circuits?
Parallel circuits allow some devices to be turned off and the others still run.
In a series circuit, if one device is turned off, everything will be off.
How does a chemical cell provide electricity?
Most chemical cells cannot be recharged, but some types of batteries can be recharged so the current can flow again.