Solar System
Name the four terrestrial planets in our solar system.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
What are the two main components of an ecosystem?
biotic and abiotic factors.
What is the process by which organisms with advantageous traits survive and reproduce?
Natural Selection.
What organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell?
What is mitosis?
The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
Which phase occurs before the moon is not visible from Earth?
Waning Crescent.
Give an example of a food chain.
Any 4-link food chain.
Traits that can be passed from parent to offspring are called what?
Heritable traits.
What is the function of the nucleus? (2 things)
To store DNA and control cell activities.
During which phase do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
The metaphase.
Why does Earth experience different seasons?
The tilt of Earth’s axis as it orbits the Sun.
Name the six levels of ecological organization in order.
organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere.
What is artificial selection, and how does it differ from natural selection?
The intentional breeding of organisms by humans for desired traits, unlike natural selection, which occurs without human intervention.
Which organelle is used in photosynthesis?
The chloroplast
How many chromosomes does a human have?
46, 23 from the mother, and 23 from the father.
Name and describe the four Earth spheres.
biosphere (life), geosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere (air).
Describe one human activity that disrupts the water cycle.
deforestation, over-pumping of groundwater, or pollution, etc.
How does the "Tree of Life" represent evolution?
It shows all species are connected through common ancestry.
What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell that holds the other organelles?
The Cytoplasm.
What happens during anaphase?
The sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.
What is the difference between a neap tide and a spring tide?
spring tides occur during full and new moons with the highest tidal range, while neap tides occur during quarter moons with the lowest tidal range.
Explain the difference between a food chain and a food web.
A food chain shows one linear path of energy flow, while a food web shows multiple interconnected paths.
Describe how polar bears came to be.
What is the difference between the cell wall and the cell membrane?
The wall provides structure and support, while the membrane controls what enters and exits the cell.
How is mitosis related to cancer?