Solar System
Name the four terrestrial planets in our solar system.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
What are the two main components of an ecosystem?
biotic and abiotic factors.
What is the process by which organisms with advantageous traits survive and reproduce?
Natural Selection.
What are the 4 letters of DNA?
A (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine), G (guanine).
What are the four main blood types?
A, B, AB, O
Which phase occurs before the moon is not visible from Earth?
Waning Crescent.
Give an example of a food chain.
Any 4-link food chain.
Traits that can be passed from parent to offspring are called what?
Heritable traits.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
A genotype refers to genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to physical traits.
What determines a person’s blood type?
The antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
Why does Earth experience different seasons?
The tilt of Earth’s axis as it orbits the Sun.
Name the six levels of ecological organization in order.
organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere.
What is artificial selection, and how does it differ from natural selection?
The intentional breeding of organisms by humans for desired traits, unlike natural selection, which occurs without human intervention.
How many chromosomes does a human have?
46, 23 from the mother, and 23 from the father.
Why is the Rh factor important in blood typing?
Because it determines whether blood is positive (+) or negative (-), affecting compatibility for transfusions.
Name and describe the four Earth spheres.
biosphere (life), geosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere (air).
Describe one human activity that disrupts the water cycle.
deforestation, over-pumping of groundwater, or pollution, etc.
How does the "Tree of Life" represent evolution?
It shows all species are connected through common ancestry.
Describe how a mutation in DNA can affect a trait.
A mutation changes the sequence of DNA, potentially altering the protein it codes for, which may change the trait.
Explain the difference between antigens and antibodies in blood.
antigens are proteins on red blood cells that determine blood type, while antibodies are proteins in plasma that attack incompatible blood types
What is the difference between a neap tide and a spring tide?
spring tides occur during full and new moons with the highest tidal range, while neap tides occur during quarter moons with the lowest tidal range.
Explain the difference between a food chain and a food web.
A food chain shows one linear path of energy flow, while a food web shows multiple interconnected paths.
Describe how polar bears came to be.
Use a Punnett square to determine the probability of two heterozygous parents (Bb) having a homozygous recessive (bb) child.
25%
If one parent has type O blood and the other has type AB, what are the possible blood types of their child?
A and B