Topics 1 & 2
Name two areas that have high biological diversity
Tropical rainforest
Near equator
Coral reefs
Explain what budding is and provide an example.
When the parent produces a bud or a small version of itself. The bud detaches or remains self-sufficient.
- Hydra
- Yeast
- Coral
What is discrete variation, and what is an example?
Characteristics with only a few choices.
Ex. Rolling tongue
Ex. Blood types
When individuals within a species survive a change in the environment and other individuals do not survive, this process is known as?
Natural selection.
What is a biotechnology?
Anything that uses living things to make agricultural, industrial, or medicinal products.
What is the definition of population?
When members of the same species live together in the same area and share resources
The combination of two gametes is called a ____________.
Zygote
What is an example of a heritable trait that can be influenced by the environment?
- Height
- Weight
- Skin color
What does it mean when animals are extirpated?
They have disappeared from a particular area?
What is in-vitro fertilization?
In lab, sperm and egg are mixed, then the fertilized zygote is inserted into a surrogate.
Give the definition of mutualism and an example.
This is where both organisms benefit.
Ex. Lichen (fungus and algae)
Ex. Bee pollinating flower
What are two disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
- Identical offspring
- Limited variation
- If environment becomes unfavorable, all will die
What are the four paired chemicals that make up the rungs of DNA?
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
What is a human cause of extinction and/or extirpation?
- Introducing non-native species
- Habitat destruction
- Overhunting
What is the difference between in-situ and ex-situ conservation?
In-situ occurs onsite or within the natural area, whereas ex-situ occurs offsite or outside the species natural habitat.
This type of interdependent relationship involves the sharing of resources within the same environment among different organisms.
Resource partitioning
How does pollination occur?
When the pollen is transferred from the anther of the stamen to the stigma of the pistol.
Describe meiosis (what does it produce, how many does it produce, and how many divisions?)
- Produces gametes for sexual reproduction
- Four daughter cells
- Two divisions
Explain what is meant by overspecialization and what causes it?
A very narrow niche is caused by a species only using one niche.
- Pandas only eating bamboo is causing them to become endangered due to the lack of bamboo forests
When scientists insert a particular gene into corn kernels in order to protect corn against insect pests, this is called _________.
Genetic engineering
Explain the difference between narrow and broad niches.
Narrow niches have specialist organisms. They only eat specific things and live in specific areas.
Broad niches have generalist organisms, which allows them to survive in various conditions and eat a variety of food.
Provide a summary of how plants reproduce?
1. Gametes unite to produce a zygote
2. The zygote develops into an embryo (in the form of a seed)
3. Plant embryos can remain dormant
When the outward form is observed when two opposite acting alleles are inherited is called?
A dominant trait
What is natural selection from environmental changes?
Occurs when the environment changes and species who are best adapted are able to survive. If changes occur too quickly, it is possible they don't survive at all.
What are seed banks?
Vaults of cooled seeds stored in ex-situ conservation.