Charged Particles
What does a positive exponent mean in scientific notation?
Big numbers (negative exponents are for smaller ones)
What are the four fundamental forces?
Electric force, gravitational force, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force
What is electric polarization?
When an object encounters a strong electrical field, the field's influence can cause electrons to move around within the object, creating a positive and negative side. (NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH STATIC ELECTRICITY WHERE ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED)
What animals did the Galvanis experiment on?
Dead frogs-- they believed electricity was within the bodies
What does Ohm's law describe the relationship of?
Describes the difference between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit.
What are the three particles in atoms?
Proton, neutron, electrons
Describe the difference between vector and scalar fields.
Vector fields have both magnitude and direction, scalar only has magnitude
List the three steps of using Gauss's law to calculate an electric field by a symmetrical object.
1. Define a Gaussian surface
2. Calculate electric flux
3. Use Gauss's law to solve
What does temperature measure?
The average kinetic energy of atoms in a substance.
When more resistors are added in a parallel circuit, the total resistance ________.
Decreases.
Who coined the term "electrical fire?"
Benjamin Franklin-- also discovered it can attract and repel and is conserved
What does a Faraday Cage do?
An enclosed object made of a conductor; protects the inside from electrical fields
What does a Van de Graaff generator do?
Rubs materials together to create static electricity, accumulates charge on a metal sphere and transfers to whoever touches
What is a capacitor?
Any electrical device consisting of two conductors separated by a distance.
What is the difference between electric potential energy and electric potential?
Electric potential describes a specific object and measured in joules; electric potential describes the environment and is measured in volts.
What is the difference between mass and charge?
Mass affects how objects experience gravity, charge describes how objects experience electric force
How is gravity related to distance? (think of the equation: F(g) = G(m1/m2)/r2)
Inverse square relation
Why does gravity affect everyday objects more than electricity?
Most objects have no net charge.
What is the difference between primary and secondary cells?
Primary cells can only be used once, secondary cells can be recharged
What is a dielectric?
Any material that can be placed between two conductors of a capacitor to increase the amount of charge that can be stored.
List all of Newton's laws.
1. Law of Inertia
2. F=m*a
3. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
How do positive charges travel along the field lines?
Positive charges travel in the direction of the field lines, while negative charges travel against
Zero
List the three laws of thermodynamics.
1. Energy is conserved
2. Heat always flows high to low.
3. No object can reach absolute zero.
Who created the first battery?
Alessandro Volta