EARTH'S LAYERS
ROCKS & MINERALS
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS
EARTH'S RESOURCES
HODGEPODGE
100
The Earth’s crust and upper mantle make up the mechanical layer known as the ___________.
The Lithosphere
100
What process causes rocks to simply break down into smaller pieces due to nature?
Weathering
100
What is last step of the scientific method?
Communicate Results
100
Which of the following is the most important man-made object to recycle, since it takes the longest to break down in nature: an iron hammer, a plastic drinking straw, or a heavy jacket made from cotton and wool?
a plastic drinking straw
100
Tall mountains – like the Himalayas in Asia or the Andes in South America – typically form at which type boundary: divergent, convergent, or transform?
Convergent
200
Beside location, what is one primary *difference* between the inner core and outer core?
Outer core is liquid, cooler, and less dense (magnetic field) Inner core is solid, hotter, and more dense
200
Lava spewing out the top of a volcano (or flowing out of fissures) creates *which type* of igneous rock?
Extrusive (igneous rock)
200
The variable that a scientist simply observes the effect of and records is called the ________________.
Dependent variable
200
Which of the following releases carbon dioxide, and has been linked to acid rain and global warming: Deforestation, exhaust from cars, or the increased growth of algae in the oceans?
exhaust from cars
200
Metamorphic rock *without* distinct layers is called _______________.
Non-foliated (metamorphic rock)
300
The tectonic plates float on top of which mechanical layer?
The asthenosphere
300
Rock made up primarily of broken pieces of rocks and minerals compacted and cemented together forms which type of rock?
Sedimentary (Bonus 50 pts for "detrital sedimentary")
300
True or False: "A good experiment has at least two independent variables"
FALSE
300
The greenhouse effect is natural and beneficial to life. However, Global Warming occurs when our pollution traps too much _____________ from our sun in Earth's atmosphere.
Heat (or energy)
300
Density = mass / volume What two tools are *required* for finding the density of a super-sized rectangular box of Sour Patch Kids?
Triple Beam Balance (mass), and Ruler (volume = length x width x height)
400
How is the density of the crust different than the other layers
Crust has a lower density (rises to the top) Mantle, Outer Core, and Inner Core have a higher density (sinks)
400
The property of a mineral that allows it to "break along a smooth, definite surface" is called _____________.
Cleavage
400
A graduated cylinder is the best way to measure the volume of liquids between 1 mL and 20 mL. However, what tool might you use to measure larger amounts (like 500 mL) of liquid?
A beaker
400
Which of the following energy sources produces cheap energy, but also causes habitat destruction and can cause lung disease for the people that work there: Hydroelectric dams, coal mining, or solar panel "farms"?
Coal mining
400
What TWO processes must occur to turn metamorphic rock into igneous rock?
melting, then cooling
500
A scientist measured how much two continental plates drifted apart during one year, but only wrote down “8” without recording her units. What should the units be for her observation?
Centimeters
500
On the Mohs hardness scale... gypsum=2 fluorite=4 quartz=7 Which of these minerals could not scratch apatite (hardness =5)?
gypsum AND fluorite (both less than 5)
500
Mike the zookeeper wants to know how to make elephants jump higher. He feeds one group extra high-protein food, and decides to also replace their water with vitamin water. The other group gets normal food and normal water. After observing both groups, Mike concludes that extra high-protein food makes them jump higher, and probably works on people, too. What is wrong with the way he set up his experiment?
Too many independent variables! He should only change ONE factor and leave the rest the same (not the food AND the water)
500
What natural resource most likely becomes polluted when farmers spray fertilizers and pesticides to enhance their crops?
WATER (lakes, streams, ponds, rivers, etc) since pollution occurs from "runoff" after it rains!
500
What tectonic plate boundary exists below Hawaii?
No boundary exists - it's a hot spot
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