Physics
State the difference between a scalar and a vector quantity.
Scalar has magnitude only; Vector has magnitude and direction.
Define Isotopes in terms of subatomic particles.
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Name the enzyme that breaks down Starch into Maltose, and state where it is produced in the human body.
Amylase; Salivary glands or Pancreas.
Define Sustainability in the context of resource use.
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
How many Bits are in a single Byte?
Eight
A 500W heater is used for 2 minutes.
Calculate the total energy transferred in Joules.
60,000 Joules
How many moles are in 22g of Carbon Dioxide?
0.5 Moles
Molar Mass = 44
Describe the pathway of a Reflex Arc, starting from the stimulus.
Stimulus → Receptor → Sensory Neurone → Relay Neurone (CNS) → Motor Neurone → Effector → Response.
What is the main gas responsible for the Greenhouse Effect?
Carbon Dioxide
What does RAM stand for, and is it volatile or non-volatile?
Random Access Memory; Volatile
Describe the trend of resistance in a Thermistor as the temperature increases.
As temperature increases, resistance decreases.
During Electrolysis of aqueous Copper(II) Sulfate using inert electrodes, what product is formed at the Anode?
Oxygen Gas
What is the function of the Villi in the small intestine, and name two structural adaptations they have.
Increase surface area for absorption; Adaptations: thin walls (one cell thick), rich blood supply/capillaries, or lacteals.
Define Deforestation and name one negative impact it has on the local ecosystem.
Clearing of trees; loss of habitat, soil erosion, or disrupted water cycle.
In binary, what is the denary (base 10) value of the number 1011?
Eleven
An object is placed 10cm away from a converging lens with a focal length of 5cm.
Describe the nature of the image formed.
Real, inverted, and the same size.
Explain why Ionic compounds have high melting points compared to covalent molecular substances.
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a giant lattice require a lot of energy to break.
Explain the difference between Phenotype and Genotype.
Genotype is the genetic makeup/alleles;
Phenotype is the physical characteristic expressed.
What is the difference between a Renewable and Non-renewable energy source?
Renewable can be replenished in a human timescale;
Non-renewable cannot/will run out.
What is an Operating System?
Software that manages computer hardware and provides services for computer programs.
Using the concept of momentum, explain why a person jumping from a height should bend their knees upon landing.
It increases the time taken for the change in momentum, which reduces the force exerted on the legs.
In the Haber Process, state the typical temperature, pressure, and catalyst used to produce Ammonia.
450oC, 200 atm and an Iron catalyst.
In a leaf, which specific tissue layer is the primary site for photosynthesis, and how is it structurally adapted for this?
Palisade Mesophyll; cells are vertically packed and contain the highest concentration of chloroplasts.
Explain the process of Eutrophication.
Fertilizer runoff leads to algae blooms, which block sunlight and deplete oxygen, killing aquatic life.
What is the difference between Compiler and Interpreter?
A compiler translates the whole program at once; an interpreter translates it line-by-line.