Lesson 1
what is Gravity?
Gravity is a pulling force that acts on all objects.
What is the definition of crust?
The Earth's outermost layer
what is a volcano?
A mountain that builds up around an opening in Earth's crust.
what is a mudslide?
when land changes into a river of mud and rock
an active volcano means what?
that the volcano is active, it can erupt at any moment.
what is a landslide?
a landslide is when a large amount of loose rock and soil moves rapidly.
What is the definition of an Earthquake?
The movements in the Earth's crust that are caused by a sudden shift of Earth's plates.
When do you call Magma, Magma?
and when do you call Lava, Lava?
Magma is called magma when it's still under the Earth's surface.
Lava is when it is above the Earth's Surface.
what are plates? (and I'm not talking about food plates)
Gigantic slabs of rock
what does it mean when a volcano is dormant?
it is asleep, it will not explode./ has been quiet for a while.
what are some causes and effects of landslides?
CAUSES: by things that quickly shift the land such as (Earthquakes, Fires, Storms, Volcanic Eruptions, Weathering, or Human Activity/Building)
EFFECTS: Can cause property damage (damage homes, cars, carry trees)
When do Earth's Plates move?
a. always
b. sometimes
c. only when an earthquake happens
d. only Monday-Friday
A. ALWAYS
(Earth's plates are always moving, they move very slowly and only a tiny bit. But when they happen to move suddenly that's when the plates shake the crust, causing an Earthquake)
The opening of a volcano is called a what?
A vent.
what are faults?
Faults are the cracks in the Earth's crust where plates come together.
what is a hotspot?
a place where magma partially melts through Earth's crust.
If a landslide is coming at you, and there is no way to move out of the way, what do you do?
You curl up in a ball tight. This will help protect your head.
what are the three different types of faults?
Normal Fault, Reverse Fault, and Strike-Slip Fault
Where do Volcanoes mostly form?
along faults
which volcano can have either an explosive or quiet eruption?
Composite Volcano
Can a volcano have more than one opening?
YES
Give me the definition of a flood, and some of its effects.
A flood is when the sides of a river or stream overflows.
Effects: damage homes, cars, buildings, leaves mud on streets, causes soil erosion
What is a Tsunami, and how are they caused, explain.
A Tsunami is a Giant Wave that is caused by underwater volcanic eruptions, underwater landslides or even earthquakes on the ocean floor. A Tsunami is when the waves pull back far, and launch forward sending Huge waves (like a slingshot)
what are the 3 different types of volcanoes we learned about? Tell me about them
1. Cinder- Cone Volcano: shaped like a cone w/ steep sides
2. Shield Volcano: has sides that are flat and wide.
3. Composite Volcano: made up of layers of lava and ash.
what is a crater?
Cup like shape that forms around the vent.
what can you do to be safe from volcanoes?
-stay away from active volcano sites
- have breathing masks/goggles just in case
- leave area immediately if told to do so
- if you are indoors, close all windows and doors
- if outdoors find the nearest shelter and stay inside.