ROOTS
the first root that emerges from the seed
primary root
This protects pine trees from disease and insects
Resin
these tubes carry water and food from the roots to the top of the plant
sylem
these plants have groups of tube-like structures in the stems that transport food, water, and nutrients to all parts of the plant.
Vascular or non-vascular
Vascular plants
these are soft, green stems
herbaceous
roots that spread out in all direction near the top of the soil
fibrous roots
these have leafy branches called fronds
angiosperms that only live for one growing season
annuals
these do not have flowers, produce seeds in cones
gymnosperms
these can resemble small evergreen trees; often called ground pines
club mosses
taproots that never touch the soil
aerial roots
these have tall, hollow, jointed stems
horsetails
this is angiosperms that live for two growing seasons to fully develop
biennials
these plants do not have tube-like structures, absorb water and nutrients through leaves, have root-like structures called rhizoids (moss and liverworts)
Vascular or non-vascular plants
Non-vascular
these are tiny seed leaves of the plant embryo
a fibrous root is a main root that generally grows straight down is called what?
taproot
these are coiled-up fronds of ferns
fiddleheads
this is the grouping of tubes that carry water and food to all parts of the plant
Vascular bundle
this has underground stems called rhizomes; include ferns, horsetails, and club mosses
seedless vascular
When cells divide and reproduce to make more xylem and phloem, this is called what?
cambium
these are angiosperms that can live for three or more years
Perennials
these produce flowers; seeds protected inside a fruit
angiosperms