The Layers of the Earth
Rocks
The Rock Cycle
Fast Land Changes
Slow Land Changes
100
The thinnest layer of the Earth on which we live is the ___________________.
crust
100
_____________________ rock forms when lava cools.
igneous
100
The never-ending circle of changing rocks is called the __________ _________.
rock cycle
100
A ________________________ is an opening in Earth’s crust through which hot ash, gases, and molten (melted) rock escape from inside Earth.
volcano
100
How fast do slow land changes happen? (Think of the Grand Canyon) a. over a few hours b. over a few years. c. over thousands of years. d.
c. Over thousands of years
200
The middle layer of the Earth is the ________________.
mantle
200
__________________________ is bits and pieces of rock, sand, soil, and remains of once living things.
sediment
200
Which of the following rocks forms when heat and pressure is added to an igneous or sedimentary rock? a. sedimentary b. igneous c. mineral d. metamorphic
d. metamorphic
200
When magma flows onto Earth’s surface it becomes ______________________.
lava
200
Describe what can happen to a marble statue if too much acid rain falls.
It can change the color of the statue and make holes in it.
300
The innermost layer of the Earth is the __________ ____________.
inner core
300
A _____________________ rock is formed when sediment hardens and cools together.
sedimentary
300
How does sedimentary rock turn back into sediment? a. melting b. heat and pressure c. cooling d. weathering
d. weathering
300
A crack in the land where an earthquake happens is called a _________________.
fault
300
When bits of rock are carried from one place to another, it is called _______________.
erosion
400
Which statement is NOT true about the mantle? a. It is hotter than the crust. b. It is made up of hot, molten (melted)rock. c. It is the innermost layer of the Earth. d. It is between the crust and the core.
c. It is the innermost layer of the Earth
400
A ______________________ rock forms when heat and pressure is added to an existing rock.
metamorphic
400
How does molten (melted) rock become igneous rock? a. cooling b. weathering c. melting d. heat and pressure
a. cooling
400
Name one way an earthquake changes the Earth’s surface.
It destroys homes for plants and animals. It forms new faults. It forms mountains.
400
Waves creating holes in a rock is an example of _________________________. a. erosion b. fast land changes c. weathering d. acid rain
c. weathering
500
Which of the following is true about the inner core? a. It is not as hot as the mantle. b. It is solid. c. It is made of a hot, syrup-like liquid. d. It is the outermost layer of the Earth.
b. It is solid
500
A rock is a solid material made up of _________________.
minerals
500
Based on your understanding of the rock cycle, explain how sediment becomes sedimentary rock.
Sediment comes together and hardens or cools to become sedimentary rock.
500
Describe what happens when a volcano erupts? Be sure to include what is happening INSIDE the Earth before it erupts.
Pressure builds up and pushes molten rock up through cracks in the Earth. It travels up the volcano and then lava, gas, and ash flow out of the top.
500
Describe how weathering can change the surface of the Earth.
Weathering can break apart rocks and change the way rocks look. It can create cliffs or canyons like the Grand Canyon.
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