Cells
What is the function of the nucleus in the cell?
The nucleus holds the DNA.
What is the function of the circulatory system?
To carry nutrient throughout the body.
True or false: Genetic Breeding decreases genetic diversity.
TRUE
What does it mean to be a homozygous allele pair?
To have two of the same gene represented in an allele pair.
What is an inherited trait that gives an organism an advantage in its particular environment
Adaptation
What is the smallest functional unit in both a bacterium and a mammal?
A cell.
What is the function of the digestive system?
To break down and absorb nutrients from food.
What is a recessive gene?
A gene that is weaker than the gene it is paired with.
What does it mean to be a heterozygous allele pair?
To have two different genes represented in the same allele pair.
Explain why favorable traits are more common in the population of a species.
Traits that better support survival in a new environment become more common in the population.
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
To turn sunlight into food for plant cells.
The heart is considered a(n) __________ in the body.
Organ
When reproducing sexually, what percentage of the offspring's chromosomes do they receive from each parent?
They receive 50% of their chromosomes from each parent.
A homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent have offspring. What is the genotype for the offspring? Heterozygous or homozygous?
Heterozygous
Scenario: A species of owls has two colors it can potentially be, gray and brown. This species lives in a forest, and is hunted by predators typically at night. The gray population of owls is decreasing at a more rapid rate then the brown population. Why is this?
The gray owls are easier to see at night than the brown owls, making them more easily hunted. This leads to more brown owls living long enough to reproduce, and their offspring are more likely to be brown.
Does the cell member keep ALL harmful substances from entering the cell? Yes or no? Explain your answer.
No, the cell membrane does allow for some harmful substances to enter the cell.
(ex: when you feel sick, your cell membrane has allowed something harmful into your cells)
How do the respiratory and circulatory system interact?
Oxygen is delivered to the cells.
What is the definition of selective breeding?
Deliberate mating of two organisms with the intention of producing offspring with desirable traits.
Two heterozygous flowers are crossed. Use the letter R to represent the dominant allele (red), and r to represent the recessive allele (white). What percentage of the offspring will be red?
75%
Scenario: In a population of moths, there are two colors, light-gray and dark-gray. Before, the Industrial Revolution, the light-gray colored moths were the most common moth in the population. However, after the Industrial Revolution introduced soot to the environment, the dark-colored moths slowly became more common. What is an explanation for this?
More dark-colored moths survived and passed on their traits to offspring, increasing the number of dark-colored moths in the population.
Why do plant cells have chloroplasts and animal cells do not?
Plant cells need chloroplasts to make food because most plants cannot move to get food on their own.
How do the digestive system and circulatory system interact?
The digestive system absorbs nutrients and then circulatory system carries the nutrients throughout the body.
Why do children sometimes look very similar to their parents?
Children inherit a combination of genes from both parents.
Use the letter H to represent the dominant allele and the letter h to represent the recessive allele pair. A heterozygous parent and recessive parent reproduce. What are the chances their offspring will have a recessive phenotype?
50%
A certain beach that is frequented by spotted sea trout is also a favorite of sport fishermen. The fishermen tend to keep large fish and throw back small fish. Over time, natural selection will most likely favor which characteristics in the spotted sea trout?
small, slow-growing individuals