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The person who introduced the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics
Who is Werner Heisenberg?
The SI base units that are used globally.
There are seven answers, each worth 100 points.
What are seconds, meters, kilograms, amperes, kelvin, moles, and candela?
A measurement (e.g. meters, kilograms, etc.) used primarily in astronomy.
There are four answers, each worth 100 points.
What is: Astronomical Unit (AU), Parsec (pc), Light-Year (ly), Solar Mass (M☉),
The most abundant element in the universe.
What is hydrogen?
In fact, approximately 73% of the universe is composed of hydrogen and 25% helium. The remaining 2% is made of heavier elements such as iron and carbon.
The four bases of DNA.
What are adenine, thymine, guanine, & cytosine?
The largest desert in the world.
What is Antarctica?
Yes, Antarctica is a desert; they are classified by the amount of precipitation they receive every year.
The maximum speed an object can attain as it falls through a fluid (e.g. air).
What is terminal velocity?
Bonus: What is the approximate terminal velocity of a person?
The theorized upper limit on the mass of a neutron star (in solar masses). Note: Our sun has a solar mass of 1M☉.
a) 1.27M☉ b) 2.16M☉ c) 2.89M☉ d) 3.65M☉
What is b) 2.16M☉
The Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit holds the upper limit of a neutron star's mass to be at ~2.16M☉. If this limit is exceeded, then degeneracy pressure and nuclear forces are insufficient to support the star, and it will collapse into a black hole.
Factors that affect equilibrium position according to Le Châtelier's Principle.
All factors are required to get points.
What is change in concentration, energy, and gas volume?
Bonus: All factors that do not affect equilibrium.
Factors that denature a protein.
Two of the four are required to get points.
What are pH, tempeature, salinity, & exposure to chemicals?
The measurements for Celcius and Fahrenheit are equal at this temperature.
a) 5 b) -27 c) -40 d) -52
What is c) -40
The spreading out of waves as they pass through an aperture or around an obstacle.
What is diffraction?
The type of star our Sun is classified as.
Bonus: What spectral class does our Sun fall under, from A --> M?
What is a main sequence star?
Stars are classified into four groups: Main sequence, red giant, supergiant, and white dwarf. Bonus Points: The sun is classified as a G2 V star.
The four quantum numbers.
All four are required to get points.
What are the principal, secondary/azimuthal, magnetic, and spin numbers?
The components of an operon.
What are a promoter, operator, and coding region?
The first and second laws of thermodyamics.
What are:
1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
2. For a given process, the entropy of the universe increases.
The fundamental forces, in order from strongest to weakest.
Strong interaction, electromagnetic, weak interaction, gravity.
The observed displacement of an object caused by the change of the observer's point of view.
a) Doppler Effect b) Hubble's Law
c) Arcimede's Principle d) Parallax
What is d) Parallax?
The three tenants of collision theory.
All three are required to get points.
What are:
1. Chemical reactions only occur through collisions.
2. Collisions can only occur at a minimum kinetic energy and orientation
3. Reaction rate is proportional to effective collision frequency.
Four examples of polysaccharides.
What are cellulose, starch, glycogen, & chitin?
Bonus: The two polymers that form starch and their approximate percentages.
What are Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion?
All three are required to get points.
What are:
1. Planets move in elliptical orbits.
2. A planet covers the same amount of space in the same interval of time, no matter where it is in its orbit.
3. The orbital periods are proportional to the size of its orbit (semi-major axis).
The mathematical expression describing the energy and position of an electron in a given space and time.
What is Shrodinger's Wave Equation?
The Schrödinger equation governs the wave function in a quantum-mechanical system. Its discovery was a significant landmark in the development of quantum mechanics, and one of its modern uses involves calculating electron energy levels.
A region of spacetime where nothing can no longer escape; a boundary where no events beyond can affect an external observer.
What is an event horizon?
The event horizon is a region of spacetime where gravity is strong enough that not even light can escape. These boundaries are attributed to black holes, as they are the only objects dense enough to produce the gravity required to tether light.
The seven physical properties that intermolecular forces determine.
Five of the seven are required to get points. All seven will reward double points.
What are:
1. Physical State
2. Melting/Boiling Point
3. Hardness
4. Solubility
5. Surface Tension
6. Capillary Action
7. Viscosity
The enzyme that performs carbon fixation in the Calvin Cycle.
What is Rubisco?