1
What terms describes the way light is reflected from the surface of a mineral
luster
What is the point on the earths surface directly above where an earthquake begins
epicenter
What type of rock forms when magma solidifies
igneous
What is the fastest type of earthquake wave
P wave
The idea that undisturbed sedimentary strata lie in the order they were laid down is the law of
superposition
What is the most valuable precious metal
platinum
What are the large pieces of solid volcanic ejecta that solidify before being ejected from the volcano
volcanic block
What are smaller earthquakes that follow a larger earthquake for days or months
aftershocks
A group in an experiment on which a test is performed is called a
experimental group
What group of minerals contain flourine, chlorine, bromine and iodine
halides
What type of volcano is broad and gently sloping with mild eruptions
shield volcano
What is a soil substance composed of decayed organisms particles
humus
What type of mining involves the miners removing pillars in specific order to allow the least stress on the walls and ceilings of the mine
retreat mining
The general term for any piece of solid volcanic ejecta is
pyroclast
What large group of minerals contains silicone and oxygen
silicates
What term describes rocks that bend downward during the folding process to form a trough-like structure
syncline
What nutrient do plants need for cell division, growth and maturity
potassium
What is the layer of solid rocks below the soil
bedrock
Minerals are rated from softest to hardest using what scale
Mohs scale
What is the rocky surface layer of the earth
crust
What is the logic error in which someone assumes a change in one factor caused the change in another factor only because the second change occured after the first
post hoc fallacy
What type of volcanic ejecta is lava hardened to form either a smooth surface or a ropy surface
pahoehoe
What are the deposits of sand, mineral fragments or organic materials usually left by wind or water
sediments
The narrow zone of active volcanoes that nearly encircles the Pacific basin is the
Ring of Fire
In what type of fault do the rocks along one side move horizontally along the fault
strike-skip fault
A soil sample has a pH value of 8. What term describes this soil?
Basic
Which method for reducing earthquake damage involves placing buildings on movable stilts that absorb the earthquake energy?
base-isolated system
What type of limestone forms from calcium containing plankton remains?
chalk limestone
What type of rock forms when layers of small particles laid down by water are hardened into rocks?
Sedimentary rock
What is the final step in metallurgy?
shaping
What structure ejects solid materials from a volcano?
vent
What is the plastic rock in the lower portion of the upper mantle on which plates float?
asthenosphere
What is a layer of either porous rock or a gravel soil mixture that can hold water?
aquifer
What term describes magma bulging overlying rocks upward to produce a dome-like intrusion?
laccolith
What is the primary factor that determines the texture of igneous rock?
rate of cooling
Which process of manufacturing artificial crystals involves a seed crystal and nutrient material in a high-pressure vessel?
hydrothermal synthesis
What type of volcano will probably never erupt again?
Dormant
What earthquake waves help us study
Earth's interior
What is considered to be the most reliable method for mathematically measuring earthquake strength?
moment magnitude scale
What scale is used to measure the explosiveness of a volcanic eruption?
VEI
What mineral group contains magnetite?
oxides
What is a model of a design used for testing called?
prototype
What is the minimum number of seismometers needed to determine an earthquakes exact location?
3
What type of mountain formed when molten rock erupted from a hole in the earth's crust?
volcanic
In logic, what is a statement of fact called?
proposition
What group of metamorphic rocks are made up of layers like leaves of a book?
foliated
What is the general term for a mass of volcanic rock beneath the surface?
igneous intrusion
What type of soil bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen - fixing compounds?
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
most reflective metal
silver
reddish orange metal that is a good conductor of electricity
copper
metal used in radiation shielding and automobile batteries
lead
green form of beryl
emerald
red variety of corundum
ruby
Refined using a blast furnace
iron
Most common igneous rock
basalt
organic sedimentary rock that is a fossil fuel
coal
rock that consists of smooth pebbles embedded in hardened sand or clay
conglomerate rock
fine-grained sedimentary rock
shale
streaked metamorphic rock produced from limestone
marble
rarest most durable and most beautiful minerals
precious stones
when a scientific idea can be tested by several scientists and come up with the same conclusion
reproducibility
earthquake zone that includes the San Andreas fault
circum-pacific belt
controlled
when a mineral remains glowing after being exposed to ultraviolet light and placed in the dark exhibits this property
phosphorescence
an artificial gemstone that looks like a natural gemstone but has different chemical and physical properties
simulant
Type of metamorphism that results when rocks are baked by contact with hot magma
contact
Water underneath the soil's surface
ground water
a line of powder left by a mineral when it is rubbed across unglazed porcelain
streak
the general term for any nourishing substance
nutrient
What is your favorite class?
Science of course!