Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Extra
100
What is matter?
What is anything that has mass and takes up space.
100
Define kinetic and potential energy.
What is kinetic energy is the energy of an object that is due to motion. Potential energy is the energy that an object has due to its position, condition, or chemical composition.
100
What is a chemical symbol? (Define this) How would you write a chemical symbol?
What is a chemical symbol is an abbreviation for the element's name. The first letter is always capitalized and any other letter after that is lowercase.
100
Define a reactant and a product. Where are they found in a reaction?
What is reactants are the substances that participate in a chemical reaction. Their chemical formulas are written on the left of the yield's sign. Products are the substances formed in a reaction. Their chemical formulas are written on the right of the yield's sign.
100
What do hydrocarbons and carbohydrates include in them?
What is a hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms. A carbohydrate is a neutral organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
200
What is the difference between chemical and physical changes?
What is a physical change is a change of matter from one form to another without a change in the identity of a substance. A chemical change is a change of matter that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties.
200
What is the Kinetic Theory of Matter?
What is the kinetic theory of matter states that all of the particles that make up matter are constantly in motion.
200
What is the definition of atomic number and where can you find it on an element square?
What is the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number is found at the top of the very top of the element square.
200
What is a chemical reaction? Name 4 signs that a chemical reaction has occurred.
What is the process in which atoms are rearranged to produce new substances. Four signs that a chemical reaction has taken place: 1. Change in odor 2. Change in color 3. Formation of a precipitate 4. Appearance of bubbles
200
If the chemical formula of glucose is C6H12O6, then what are the names of the elements in glucose, and how many atoms of each element are present in a glucose molecule?
What is carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. There are 24 atoms in the molecule. (6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen.)
300
Define the law of conservation of mass.
What is the law of conservation of mass states that in ordinary chemical and physical changes, mass is not created nor destroyed but is only transformed into different substances.
300
How do particles move in solids, liquids, and gases?
What is the particles in a solid are not free to move around very much. They vibrate back and forth in the same position and are held tightly together by forces of attraction. Particles in a liquid move more freely and are constantly sliding around and tumbling over each other as they move. Particles in a gas are far apart and move around at high speeds. These particles collide with one another, but otherwise they don't interact much.
300
What is the definition of valence electron? How does an atom bond with another one? What does that have to do with valence electrons? Give a general example. (Nothing specific with specific elements.)
What is a valence electrons are electrons found in the outermost energy level of an atom. An atom bonds with another one by its valence electrons. A full set of valence electrons is 8. So, in order to get a full set, some atoms bond with other ones. For example, if an atom had 6 valence electrons, it needs to bond with an atom with 2 valence electrons to have a full set.
300
Describe the difference between an endothermic and exothermic reaction.
What is a chemical reaction that requires an input of energy is an endothermic reaction, and a chemical reaction in which energy is released to the surroundings is called an exothermic reaction.
300
What is a polymer? Give some examples of polymers. What are the repeating groups in a polymer called?
What are molecules composed of the same repeating small groups of atoms joined together in long chains. The repeating groups are called monomers. Some examples of polymers include complex carbohydrates (cellulose), fats, and nucleic acids.
400
Describe some examples of both physical and chemical properties.
What is chemical properties: flammability and reactivity. Physical properties: electrical conductivity, density, thermal conductivity, melting point, luster, boiling point, magnetic attraction, solubility, and malleability
400
Name the three scales used to measure temperature. Then say where they are used most.
What is the celsius scale, the fahrenheit scale, and the kelvin scale. The celsius scale is most commonly used around the world and often used by scientists. The fahrenheit scale is most commonly used in the United States. The kelvin scale is most commonly used by physicists.
400
Define and describe the relationship between Atom, Nucleus, Proton, Neutron and Electron.
What is an atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same element. A nucleus is a small, dense center that has a positive charge and is surrounded by moving electrons. A proton is a positively charged particle in the nucleus. A neutron is an uncharged particle. An electron is a negatively charged particle. Atoms are made up of many different things. The nucleus is found in the center of an atom. Protons, neutrons, and electrons are all particles in an atom. (Neutrons and protons are in the nucleus and the electrons are in electron clouds/surrounding the nucleus.)
400
Describe 4 factors that affect reaction rates.
What is 1. Concentration- the reaction rate is higher when reactant concentration is higher. 2. Surface area- Crushing or grinding solids increases their surface area and the reaction rate. 3. Temperature- Reactions usually occur faster at higher temperatures. 4. Catalysts- Increase reaction rate by bringing together reactants.
400
What are some properties that most covalent bonds share?
What is low solubility in water, low melting and boiling points, and poor electrical conductivity.
500
Describe what suspensions, solutions, and colloids are. Then tell if they are a type of heterogenous or homogenous mixture.
What is suspensions are mixtures in which the particles of a material are spread throughout a liquid or gas but are too large to stay mixed without being stirred or shaken. This is a type of a heterogenous mixture. In a solution, one substance is dissolved in another substance. This is a type of a homogenous mixture. A colloid is a third type of mixture that falls somewhere between suspensions and solutions. Colloids look homogenous, but we consider them to be heterogenous.
500
Describe at least 3 different forms of energy. (nuclear, chemical, thermal, electrical, electromagnetic and sound)
What is nuclear energy- the nucleus of an atom is the source of nuclear energy. When an atom's nucleus breaks apart, or when the nuclei of two small atoms join together, energy is released. The energy given off by the sun comes from nuclear energy. Chemical energy- a form of potential energy. Thermal energy- the thermal energy of an object is the kinetic energy of its particles. Electrical- the energy that results from the position or motion of charged particles. Electromagnetic- transmitted through space in the form of electromagnetic waves. Sound- is the kinetic energy caused by the vibration of particles in a medium such as steel, water, or air.
500
Describe the Periodic Table of Elements and how it is arranged.
What is the Periodic Table of Elements is Mendeleev's arrangement of the elements. The periodic table is organized by groups and periods. The rows (periods) go in order from atomic number and gradually increase as they go on. Also, the Periodic Table is organized by metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. The nonmetals are on the right side of the table, and the metals are on the left side. There are more metals than metalloids or nonmetals for the elements. Also, the metalloids are no exactly in the middle, they are more to the right but they separate the metals and nonmetals. There is a zigzag line that separates the metals from the nonmetals.
500
Describe a carboxyl group.
What is organic acids are identified by a group of atoms called carboxyl group, COOH. In a carboxyl group, one oxygen atom is double-bonded to a carbon atom. The other oxygen in the group is single-bonded to the same carbon atom and a hydrogen atom.
500
Define ionic bond and metallic bond. Then list some properties that most ionic bonds share, and then list some properties that metallic bonds share.
What is a force that brings oppositely charged ions together. (Ionic bond) Ionic bonds share these properties: 1. Crystal lattice structure 2. Electrical conductivity 3. Brittleness 4. Solubility in water What is a bond that forms between metal atoms when their outermost energy levels overlap. (Metallic bond) Metallic bonds share these properties: 1. Good electrical conductors 2. Malleable and ductile
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