Mapping our world
This imaginary line at 0° latitude divides Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
The Equator
The Tropic of Cancer is located 23.5° north of the Equator. The Tropic of Capricorn is located 23.5° __________ of the Equator
south
The slow movement of tectonic plates is caused by convection currents in the __________.
mantle
Weathering is the process that breaks rocks into smaller __________.
pieces
When plant roots grow into cracks and break rocks apart, this is called __________ weathering.
biological
Latitude and longitude lines are imaginary lines that encircle the globe. They form a grid on the earth where they intersect and create ____________that can determine the geographical location of any place on Earth.
coordinates
The Prime Meridian, is a line of longitude which passes through ___________, England. The Prime Meridian is located at _____ degrees longitude.
Greenwhich
0 degrees
Many mountains form when tectonic plates _______. The enormous pressure pushes sections of the Earth's crust upward, creating mountain ranges.
Many mountains form when tectonic plates collide. The enormous pressure pushes sections of the Earth's crust upward, creating mountain ranges.
Physical weathering breaks rocks apart without changing their __________.
composition
Chemical weathering occurs when weak acids slowly __________ rocks.
dissolve
Latitude lines run_________ across the Earth and are also called __________.
east-west
parallels
Longitude lines (also called _________) are lines that run from the _____________ to the ____________, along the length of the earth.
meridians
North pole to South Pole
The __________ is the rigid outer layer of the Earth. It includes the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is broken into large pieces called_____ ______ that slowly move over the Earth's surface.
lithosphere
tectonic plates
Erosion is the process of moving rock and soil from one __________ to another.
Water, wind, ice, and __________ can all cause erosion.
place
gravity
Rockfalls, landslides, and avalanches are caused by __________.
gravity
In a coordinate such as 33°S, 18°E, the latitude is always written __________.
First
Every location on Earth is found in _____ hemispheres.
Two
for example in Southern and Eastern Hemisphere
Earthquakes happen when tectonic plates move along cracks in the Earth's crust called ______. Energy builds up as the plates push against each other. When the rocks finally slip, the released energy causes the ground to shake.
Faults
Rivers can carry small pieces of rock called __________. Deposition happens when these are __________ in a new location.
sediment
dropped
A ___________is a large, slow-moving mass of ice.
Although they move slowly, they can carve entire valleys.
They reshape the Earth's surface through erosion over long periods of __________.
glacier
time
The Equator divides Earth into which two hemispheres?
Prime Meridian divides Earth into which two hemispheres.
Northern and Southern
the Eastern and Western Hemispheres?
solid
landforms
rocks
There are ______ main types of rocks
Granite is an example of an __________ rock, which is formed when magma or lava cools and hardens
Sandstone is an example of a __________ rock, Which is formed from layers of sediment that are pressed and cemented together.
Marble is a __________ rock formed from limestone. They form when existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure.
igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic
________ cave is formed by water dissolving rock over a long time. Usually occurs in rocks like limestone. This is an example of chemical weathering.
It can contain formations like stalactites and stalagmites. What is the difference between the two?
Solution cave
Mountains, valleys, plateaus, and plains are all types of __________. They are created by processes such as erosion, weathering, and plate ______.
A mountain is a landform that rises __________ above the surrounding land.
A valley is a low area of land between higher __________.
landforms
high
land