Vocabulary
A segment of DNA that carries the instructions for building proteins, which are needed for the body to function.
Gene
A small structure within cells that acts as a protein factory, assembling amino acids to create proteins, function is to make proteins.
Ribosomes
_________ A characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce
Adaptation
Where are genes found in a cell?
Within the chromosomes, which are located inside the nucleus of a cell.
_________ Hooke discovered cells using a _________
Robert
Microscope
The molecule that carries the genetic instructions for all living things, function is to store and protect genetic information.
DNA
___________ is molecules that combine to form proteins.
Amino Acid
___________ The surroundings or conditions in which an organism lives
Environment
What do genes do?
Carry instructions in the form of DNA that determine traits.
He named them "cells" because they looked like _______
Cellula
A complex molecule made up of amino acids (building blocks).
Protein
The central and most important part of an object, movement, or group forming the basis for its activity and growth.
Nucleus
__________ A group of similar organisms that can mate and produce offspring
Species
How does a gene turn into a protein? describe the process in steps.
Step 1: transcription, the gene is copied into an mRNA
Step 2: RNA processing, the mRNA undergoes several modifications
Step 3: translation, the mRNA molecule moves to a ribosome, where it's read in three-nucleotide sequences called codons
Which of the following is an example of a physical adaptation?:
a. Learning to ride a bike
b. Thick fur in arctic animals
c. Building a nest
d. Avoiding predators
b. Thick fur in arctic animals
A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell, function is to carry genes.
Chromosome
A single-stranded RNA molecule that carries genetic information, function carries genetic instructions from DNA to Ribosomes.
mRNA
_________ A process where organisms better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more
Natural selection
What is the role of proteins in the body?
Acting as structural components, enzymes, hormones, transporting nutrients, and supporting the immune system.
Behavioral adaptations are:
a. Changes in the structure of an organism
b. Inherited actions that help survival
c. Caused by weather
d. Only found in plants
b. Inherited actions that help survival
A characteristic, quality, or tendency that someone or something has.
Trait
The differences in the DNA sequences between individuals within a population, contributing to the diversity of traits within a species.
Genetic variation
__________ A specific characteristic of an organism, such a fur color or beak shape
Trait
What would happen if there was a change (mutation) in a gene?
This could lead to a change in the proteins function or shape.
Camouflage helps animals by:
a. Attracting mates
b. Keeping them warm
c. Helping them hide from predators
d. Helping them breathe
c. Helping them hide from predators