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1: Solid
2: Liquid
3: Gas
1: a phase of matter that has definite volume and shape. The particles of a solid are tightly bonded and cannot move around
2: A phase of matter that has definite volume but no definite shape loosely bonded particles in liquid can flow over and around one another
3: a phase of matter that has no definite shape or volume. Particles of gas fly independently through space.
1: Compress/Compression
2: Expand/Expansion
1: Reduced in volume as a result of applied pressure
2: an increase in volume
1: Chemical Formula
2: Particle
1: a code that represents the number of and kinds of atoms in one particle of a substance
2: the smallest piece of a substance that is still a substance
1: Element
2: Symbol
1: a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical process
2: a representation of an element using specific letters
1: Group
2: Period:
1: going up and down on the periodic table
2: going side to side on the periodic table
1: Periodic Table of Elements
2: Conservation of Mass/Matter:
1: an organization of elements based on chemical properties
2: a fundamental principle of classical physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed
1: Atom
2: Bond
1: the smallest particle of an element
2: an attractive bond between chemicals
1: Compound
2: Crystal
1: a substance defined by a particle composed of two or more different kinds of atoms
2: a system formed by a network of atoms arranged in representing patterns crystal shape is also a physical property that helps to identify a substance
1: Ionic Compound
2: Molecule
1: a compound in which atoms are connected to each other with a weak network of ionic bonds rather than covalent bonds
2: a particle made of two or more atoms that are held together with strong covalent bonds
1: Subscript
2: Coefficient
1: number of atoms of that element
2: the number of each molecule
1: Burning
2: Precipitate
1: a chemical reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen to form a new product
2: a solid non-dissolvable product of a chemical reaction
1: Products
2: Reactants
1: a substance produced in a chemical reaction
2: a starting product in a chemical reaction
1: Fireworks: How do different elements in the shell change the firework
1: Different elements in the shell change the firework in many ways. For example, the color of the firework depends on the chemical put into the firework shell.
1: Chemical Equations: what is on the left side and right side of the arrow? What does the arrow mean?
1: On the left side of the arrow is the reactants. On the right side of the arrow is the products. The arrow is sort of like the equal sign in chemical equations.
1: How do subscripts and coefficients change the amounts of elements and atoms in a formula?
1: Subscripts that are under/next to an element tell you how much of the atom are in the compound. Coefficients are the big numbers before the chemical formula and that tells you how many of that chemical formula there is.
1: Focus: What makes up all the substances on Earth?
2: Who created the periodic table?
1: Elements and chemicals
2: Dmitri Mendeleev, who was a Russian chemist, created the periodic table.
1: What are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids? Where are they found on the periodic table?
2: Where are the most reactive and least reactive elements found?
1: Metals are hard, shiny elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals are soft, brittle elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Metalloids share some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals.
2: They are in groups 1, 2, and 17
1: Focus: What is the periodic table of elements:
2: How is the periodic table arranged (as in order of what)? What is that number a measure of?
1: The periodic table is composed of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number. The elements are arranged in periods and groups. There are 3 types of elements metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
2: The periodic table is arranged in order of atomic mass.
1: What was the best setup to capture and measure the gas produced in our reaction
2: Focus: Is air matter? Does air have mass and take up space?
1: The best setup to measure and capture the gas was to put a syringe on the rubber stopper and fill it with water and as soon as you push the water into the vial using the syringe plunger you let go of the plunger and the gas created will push the plunger back up and you can see how much was created in the chemical reaction.
2: Yes, air is matter. It also has mass and takes up space.
1: What does it mean for an equation to be balanced? Why do we have to make sure chemical equations are balanced?
2: Focus: How can the gas in a chemical reaction be studied?
1: For a chemical equation to be balanced it means that the exact number and type of atoms that go into a chemical reaction must come out of that chemical reaction. We make sure chemical equations are balanced because if they aren’t then products could vary.
2: We can study the gas produced by using a syringe and measuring how much gas is inside.
1: Why are the mystery mixture and fireworks considered chemical reactions
2: What effect does changing the reactants have on a chemical reaction
1: The mystery mixture is considered a chemical reaction because when water was added to the substances they fizzed and changed the temperature to cold. The fireworks were chemical reactions because when getting fireworks to have a certain color you need specific chemicals and when those chemicals mix with the other ones in the firework it creates a chemical reaction.
2: The effects changing reactants have in a chemical reaction is many things. If you put in carbon dioxide and citric acid you would get certain atoms out of it and you would have elements. Those specific elements can’t be a product unless it has the same specific reactants.
1: Mystery Mixture: think of all the combinations we have tried to figure out the components of the mixture. How were they different? How was the reaction of hydrochloric acid and baking soda similar or different to citric acid and baking soda?
1: All the combinations from the mystery mixture were different because they were eight powders and 28 combinations. Yes it was hard to come up with combinations that could be the mystery mixture but by watching certain combinations we can slowly rule out powders. Combinations react differently because of the reactants put into the reaction. Just like how I explained in the previous question.
1: Focus: How do atoms combine to make new substances?
2: How do we know a chemical reaction has occurred? What evidence do we look for?
1: Atoms combine to make a new substance through chemical reactions by which they form bonds.
2:We know a chemical reaction occurred because one, temperature changes, and two bubbling and fizzing can happen.
1: What is the difference between atoms and molecules, or elements and compounds?
1: The difference is a molecule is two or more atoms when a atom is just one. And similarly an element is only one, while a compound is a mixture of two or more elements.
1: Focus: What happens at the particle level during a chemical reaction?
1: In a chemical reaction at the particle level, the particles come together and collide then their bonds are broken. Then the chemicals rearrange themselves and form new bonds and create a new product.