Temperature & Heat
The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Entropy & More
Misc.
Laws Galore
100
direct transfer of energy from one particle to another
conduction
100
Avogadro's Number
6.02 x 10^23 atoms/mole
100
entropy
disorder of a system
100
Define ideal gases & give 2 examples
No forces between molecules, molecule size = 0; (Ex: Nitrogen, oxygen, CO2, noble gases)
100
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Change in energy = heat + work (energy is conserved)
200
changes in temperature via the movement of fluids (can be air) over a surface
convection
200
How to find # of moles in substance if you know the # of molecules (equation)
n = (# of molecules) / (Avogadro's #)
200
heat engine efficiency equation
e = 1 – (Ql/Qh) (Q = heat)
200
average distance a gas molecule travels without collisions equation: (average velocity) / (# of collisions over time)
mean free path
200
2nd law of thermodynamics
heat can only be transferred from a hot object to a cooler object; entropy of a closed system always increases
300
roads expanding in summer & contracting in winter is an example of
thermal expansion
300
Average kinetic energy of a molecule of a gas equation
K = (3/2)kT (k = Boltzmann's constant)
300
refrigerator efficiency equation
e = Ql/(Qh-Ql) (Q = heat)
300
This force results in induced electric dipoles that attract each other among atoms, and we neglect it when we talk about ideal gases
van der Waals forces
300
Faraday's law
A changing magnetic field induces an electric field
400
dissipating excess energy, usually by photon emission
radiation
400
Internal energy of ideal gas equation
E = (3/2) nRT (n = # of moles, R = gas constant)
400
Rudolf Clausius's definition of of changes in entropy
heat added to system / temperature of system
400
how gases in an internal combustion engine chamber expand (the term)
adiabatically (doesn't transfer much heat to the surrounding system)
400
Coulomb's law
F = kc (q1*q2)/r^2 (kc = Coulomb's constant, q = charge, r = distance btwn particles)
500
Calorie -> joule conversion
1 cal = 4.184 J
500
Root-mean-squared (RMS) velocity equation
Vrms = (3RT/M)^1/2 (M = molar mass)
500
briefly explain refrigerators
use work to take heat from part of system w/ low -> high temperature with a compressor
500
Lorentz force equation
F = Q(E + V *B) (Q = charge, E = electric field, v = velocity, B = magnetic field)
500
Ideal Gas Law (2 forms)
PV = NkT (N = # of molecules, k = Boltzmann's constant); PV = nRT (n = # of moles, R = gas constant)
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