Cells
What is a cell?
A typically microscopic, structural and functional unit in an organism.
What is synthesis?
The combination of two or more components into one
What is prophase?
First phase of mitosis, when two identical daughter cells are produced from the duplicated DNA carried in the nucleus of the parent cell
What is a nucleus?
An organelle that is membrane-bound and encloses genes, and it controls the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression - control center of the cell.
What is cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two daughter cell
What is the parent cell?
The original cell that makes a copy of itself
What is growth 2?
Cellular synthesis of proteins and rapid cell growth as the cell prepares for mitosis
What is a daughter cell?
The cell that is a copy of the original cell
What is a centriole?
A pair of barrel-shaped organelles found in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope
What are the checkpoints (1, 2, and 3)?
Where a cell is checked to make sure it is copying correctly
What must a cell contain?
It must contain a cytoplasm and a membrane-enclosed nucleus
What is interphase?
It is the resting phase between each division of the cell cycle or before mitosis
What is growth 1?
Cells synthesize mRNA and proteins in preparation for mitosis
What is anaphase?
Spindle fibers attach to centromere, chromatin pulled to opposite poles
What is apoptosis?
Cell self-destructs - lymph system cleans it up
The division of a parent cell into two daughter cells with the same DNA
What is mitosis?
The process of nuclear division in cells that contain nuclei that occurs when a parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells
What is an organelle?
An organelle is a group of organized and/or specialized structures in a cell
What is telophase?
New nuclei are formed
Where are the checkpoints located?
They are located near the end of G1, between G2 and metaphase, during metaphase
What is the cell cycle?
It is the regulate cycle of growth and division that happens to/in a cell
What is G0?
Resting phase - a period in the cell cycle in which cells exist in a dormant state - the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide
What is metaphase?
The second stage of the cell cycle, during which all genetic material is condensed into chromosomes made of protein and DNA
What are spindle fibers?
Proteins that divide the genetic material in cells
What is cell limbo?
Cell stops doing everything while it is attempted to be fixed