Ocean Geography and History
The oceans cover this percentage of the Earth, which is equivalent to this prime number between 60 and 80.
What is 71%?
More than half of the ocean is deep-sea floor, which ranges from 3,000 to 5,000 meters, with the abyssal plains extending beyond the continental rise between these distances.
What are 4,500 meters and 6,000 meters deep?
The uneven heating of the Earth is the ultimate driver of atmospheric circulation. Atmospheric circulation is specifically driven by these currents, which result from differential heating.
What are convection currents?
The chemical bonds in water are these kinds of bonds, meaning that they are pretty strong (but the Terminator would easily break them >:-)
What are covalent bonds?
The lowest part of a wave, or the valley below the average water level of a wave, is known as this, contrary to the highest point of elevation of a wave above the average water level.
What is a trough?
The Earth originated 4.5 billion years ago from dust, and its 4,000-degree Celsius core is mostly made of this element that Tony Stark wears on a daily basis.
What is iron?
This shallowest zone in the ocean, which is in the pelagic zone, extends to 200 meters and has a lot of light for photosynthesis to happen.
What is the epipelagic zone?
These cells are found from the equator to 30 degrees north and south latitude, and there are two of them, as there are for the other two kinds of cells that make up the six atmospheric circulation cells in our atmosphere.
What are Hadley cells?
Because hydrogen bonds between water molecules are much weaker than covalent bonds, this means that those bonds allow water molecules to have _____, or stick to each other.
What is cohesion?
This is the time that it takes a wave to move a distance of one wavelength, or the ___ _____, which you forgot to use when texting online.
What is the wave period/period?
The earth's middle layer, or the mantle, is made up of this element and this compound.
What are magnesium and iron silicate?
To quote 2 Unlimited, "You're in the twilight zone", which definitely refers to this zone in the ocean that extends to 1,000 meters deep.
What is the mesopelagic zone?
These cells are found at mid-latitudes, between 30 and 60 degrees latitude, and polar cells are at high latitudes between 60 and 90 degrees latitude.
What are Ferrel cells?
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1° C is called this. Water has a very high one.
What is the specific heat capacity?
This force that disrupts the medium of the wave, and is one of the ways in which you can classify a wave. This is a contrast to this other force that returns the water surface to flatness.
What are the disturbing force and the restoring force?
Volcanic activity creates new seafloor through this process where plates spread at approximately 2-18 cm per year at mid-ocean ridges. The farther you move away from the ridge, the older the sediment is there.
What is sea-floor spreading?
The bathypelagic zone, or this "Threat Level _______" zone extends from 1,000 to 4,000 meters, and the abyssopelagic zone, or the lower _______ zone, extends from 4,000 meters to the spot where it meets the seafloor.
What is midnight?
The five gyres of the world are the North/South Pacific/Atlantic Gyres, as well as this Gyre referencing this ocean that spans from Africa to Australia.
What is the Indian Ocean?
Salinity is generally expressed in parts per thousand, and psu is used when ________ is used to infer salinity. Average ocean salinity is 35 psu.
What is conductivity?
The wave ______ is the vertical distance between the wave crest and the adjacent trough, while the wave ________ is the number of wave crests or troughs that pass a fixed point per second.
What are the wave height and wave frequency?
Approximately 180 million years ago, Pangaea separated into two huge continents: Laurasia, which was composed of North America and Eurasia, and Gondwana, another continent that was composed of South America, Africa, Antarctica, and this second-largest populated country.
What is India?
The first zone of the benthic zone on the oceanic zone is called this, which is the boundary between the land and the sea, and is exposed when the tide is out but is underwater at high tide.
What is the intertidal zone?
While diurnal tides consist of one high tide and one low tide in a lunar day, these tides have two high tides and two low tides.
What are semidiurnal tides?
The surface zone, or the mixed zone, is the uppermost layer in the ocean, where temperature and salinity are constant. The third layer, or the deep zone, makes up around 80% of ocean volume. In the second layer, the pycnocline, which accounts for 18% of ocean volume, we see this sharp decrease in temperature.
What is a thermocline?
The horizontal distance between two adjacent crests or troughs is the ________, which is another form of classification that can indicate what type of wave it is based on its usual horizontal distance.
What is the wavelength?