Biology
What are the four macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Name the three types of chemical bonds.
Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds.
What is the difference in function between the two endoplasmic reticulums?
The rough ER is where proteins are made. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, fats, and steroids.
What is the difference between a substitutional alloy and an interstitial alloy?
In a substitutional alloy, one atom substitutes for another atom in the lattice. In an interstitial allow, smaller atoms fills the spaces between the larger atoms.
What are Newton's 3 Laws of Motion?
1. Law of Inertia
2. Law of Acceleration
3. Law of Action and Reaction
What is the difference between a law and a theory?
Laws are simple and obvious statements about a phenomenon that never require a second guess, or an experiment to verify. A theory is a scientific explanation of an observed phenomenon. They explain why things are the way they are.
Draw the correct Lewis dot structure for methane.
H
|
H-C-H
|
H
What is the benefit of cell compartmentalization?
It allows processes to be more efficient and less energy consuming.
What is the difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions?
Exothermic reactions are those in which bonds are formed and energy is released. Endothermic reactions are those in which bonds are broken and energy is taken in.
what is the name of the force that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid (like air or water)?
Drag
What is the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance?
In codominance, both alleles are equally expressed/dominant. In incomplete dominance, neither allele is dominant; instead they combine to display a new trait.
Name one element that can have an expanded octet.
Answers may include aluminum or xenon.
Give an example of positive feedback and of negative feedback in the body.
Any answers must meet the following definitions of positive and negative feedback. Positive feedback happens when the response to a signal amplifies that response so that there is a quick change. Negative feedback mechanisms help to return a system to its set point after a disruption.
You are given the chemical equation A -> B + 2C and that the rate of disappearance of A is 2.5 * 10-2 Ms-1. What is the rate of appearance of C?
0.05 Ms-1
What is the acceleration of a block on a frictionless incline?
Acceleration = gsinϴ.
Name four chromosomal mutations.
Answers may include deletion, duplication, translocation, frameshift, point, and inversion.
Name three intermolecular forces.
Answers may include dipole-dipole interactions, dipole-induced dipole interactions, London dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonding.
BONUS (WORTH DOUBLE POINTS): What is the bond between the phosphate group and two sugars in a DNA polymer called?
Phosphodieter bond
Name the four types of solids and give an example for each.
Ionic - NaCl, Molecular - H2O, Metallic - Al, Covalent Network - Diamond
What is the spring constant of a spring system comprised off two parallel springs attached to three parallel springs, each with a spring constant k?
kT = 6k/5
Identify two components of the second line of defense of the immune system.
Answers may include phagocytic white blood cells, antimicrobial proteins, and the inflammatory response.
Oxygen in a rigid container has a pressure of 6 atm, a volume of 1 L, and a temperature of 70°C. Find the mass of oxygen in the container. (Hint: Use gas laws. The gas constant is equal to 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K.)
The mass of oxygen is equal to 6.82 g.
A plant cell has a solute potential of -0.5 MPa and a pressure potential of 0.2 MPa. What is the overall water potential of the cell? (Hint: Ψ = Ψs + Ψp.)
Ψ = -0.3 MPa.
What is the difference between ΔH and ΔE?
ΔH is enthalpy, while ΔE is overall energy change.
A spacecraft moves around Earth in a circular orbit with a constant radius. How much work is done by the gravitational force on the spacecraft during one revolution?
0