A
What percentage of Earth’s surface is water?
71%
how many active volcanoes are in the Philippines?
24
What theory explains landform formation?
Plate tectonic theory
What type of volcano will not erupt again?
Extinct
What is the shaking of the ground called?
Earthquake
Why does the Philippines have many active volcanoes?
Because of the location at the pacific ring of fire
Difference between crust and mantle?
Crust is solid outer layer; mantle is hotter below it.
What Earth layer is found directly below the crust?
Mantle
What happens at a divergent boundary?
Plates move apart.
What type of crust is thinner and denser?
Oceanic crust
What do scientists call the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake?
the Epicenter
What type of earthquake is caused by the movement of rocks along faults?
Tectonic earthquake
Which Earth layer is hot, semi-solid, and involved in convection currents?
The mantle
When two plates slide past each other, what boundary is formed?
Transform boundary
The Himalayas formed from which type of plate interaction?
Continental–continental convergence
How does new crust form at divergent boundaries?
Magma rises and solidifies
Where are most volcanoes and earthquakes located—plate interiors or plate boundaries?
plate boundaries
Why do earthquakes happen at transform boundaries?
Plates grind past each other
What is the rising molten material beneath the continental crust called?
Magma
What do you call a volcano formed from alternating layers of lava and ash?
Composite volcano
Describe how earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain belts demonstrate plate tectonics.
They occur where plates interact
How does subduction contribute to volcanic eruptions?
Melting plates produce magma
What long-term evidence supports that continents slowly drift over millions of years?
Fossils, rock layers, glacial evidence, and continental fit
Based on the diagram, describe how tectonic plate movement leads to both trench formation and volcanic activity.
The oceanic plate sinks beneath the continental plate, forming a trench. As it descends, it melts and creates magma that rises to form volcanoes.
How does crust density determine which plate subducts?
Denser oceanic crust sinks under lighter continental crust