Biology B2-B5
What are the main components of an animal cell?
Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
Explain the main benefit of protein in the human body
Growth and repair of tissues/muscle, provide energy, or make enzymes and hormones
State the colors that absorb the most sunlight when exposed to it.
Black, or deep shades of navy blue, charcoal gray, or dark brown.
State the subatomic particle that is in an atom that primarily resides in a shell.
Electrons
What is the standard form equation for the speed of light in m/s?
3 * 10^8 m/s
What are some reasons an enzyme may get denatured?
Extreme temperature changes above optimum, drastic pH changes, or certain chemical agents
What are the two different tissues that transport substances throughout a plant?
Xylem and Phloem
When you increase the temperature of a particle, what are the changes it can create to the particles?
Increase kinetic energy, potentially weakening intermolecular forces, or change the state of matter (melting/boiling)
What is electrolysis?
chemical decomposition produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or solution containing ions.
What is the formula to calculate orbital velocity?
v=2(pi)*r / T
What are the chemical compounds that Carbohydrates, Fats, Oils, and Proteins all possess?
Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H2) Oxygen (O2)
Why do plants use magnesium mineral ions?
Creating chlorophyll
What is thermal expansion in solids, and how is it explained using the particle model?
When a solid is heated, its particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate more about their fixed positions. The average distance between the particles increases, causing the solid to expand.
What is an exothermic reaction, and how is it explained in terms of energy changes during bond breaking and bond formation?
An exothermic reaction releases energy to the surroundings, causing the temperature of the surroundings to increase, because more energy is released when new bonds form than is absorbed to break the original bonds.
What is the life cycle of a massive star after it leaves the main sequence?
A massive star expands into a red supergiant, then explodes as a supernova, leaving behind either a neutron star or a black hole.
What is diffusion, and why does it not require energy from the cell?
Net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, down a concentration gradient. Does not require energy because it is a passive process relying on the kinetic energy of particles moving randomly.
What happens to food as it passes through the human alimentary canal?
Food enters through the mouth, travels down the food pipe, is broken down in the stomach and small intestine, useful nutrients are taken into the blood in the small intestine, water is absorbed in the large intestine, and the remaining waste leaves the body.
How is heat transferred by conduction in solids?
Conduction transfers heat through a solid because particles vibrate more when heated and pass energy to neighbouring particles.
Why do elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties?
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
How can you calculate the distance of one light-year, and what is its approximate value?
Using the equation distance=speed×time, light travels about 9.5×1012 km in one year.
3*108 * 365 [days in a year] * 24[hours in a day] * 60 [minutes in an hour] * 60 [seconds in a minute]
How does substrate concentration affect the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction?
More substrate molecules collide with active sites, until all active sites are filled and the rate cannot increase further.
What are the functions of arteries, veins, and capillaries in the circulatory system?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood toward the heart, and capillaries allow substances like oxygen and glucose to move between the blood and body cells.
How does temperature affect the rate at which an object emits thermal radiation?
An object at a higher temperature emits more thermal radiation than a cooler object because its particles have greater energy and emit infrared radiation at a higher rate.
What are the main properties of acids and bases in terms of ions produced and pH?
Acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution and have a pH below 7, while bases produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solution and have a pH above 7.
How does the distance of a planet from its star affect its orbital speed?
The orbital speed of a planet depends on its distance from the star, with planets closer to the star moving faster to remain in orbit.