Genetics
What are genetics?
The branch of biology concerned with the study of heredity,Genes, and variation in organisms
What is a gene?
The basic physical and functional unit of heredity, made up of DNA
What is natural selections
Organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
What is the difference between chemical and physical reaction
Chemical reactions create new substances by altering molecular structures, while physical reactions only change the form, appearance, or state of matter without changing its chemical identity
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or converted from one form to another.
What are alleles?
Alleles are different versions of the same gene, such as a dominant allele for tall plants (TT) and a recessive allele for short plants (tt)
What are 3 traits the offspring can resolve from the parents
Big Ears, Eye color, and hair texture ect.
What are variations?
Differences among members of a species
Is melting an ice cube physical or chemical?
Physical.
What is the difference between Kinetic and Potential Energy?
Potential energy is stored energy based on position, while kinetic energy is the energy of motion
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
A tool to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
A dominant allele always shows up when present, masking the recessive allele. A recessive allele only appears if the dominant allele is absent.
True or False: Individual organisms choose to adapt to their environment.
False. Natural selection works on populations over generations, not individuals choosing to change.
True or False: Dissolving salt in water is a chemical change.
False
What are the three methods of heat transfer?
Conduction,Convection, and Radiation
How many pairs of chromosomes do people typically have?
23 pairs of chromosomes
Can two organisms have different genotypes but the same phenotype? Provide an example.
Yes, two organisms can have different genotypes but the same phenotype
If an environment changes instantly, why might the entire population go extinct rather than adapting through natural selection
Natural selection takes many generations to change a population's traits. If the change happens faster than the species can reproduce and select for new traits, they won't have time to adapt
a) A solid melts into a liquid b) A solid turns into a gas c) A solid is cut into smaller pieces d) A solid changes color and bubbles
D) A solid changes color and bubbles
Analyze the energy transformation in a battery powered flashlight.
Chemical Potential Energy stored in the battery Electrical Energy flowing through wires Radiant/Light Energy emitted by the bulb Thermal/Heat Energy waste energy from heat.
A woman with blood type A heterozygous and a man with blood type B heterozygous have a child. Which blood type is not possible for their children?
A: Type AB B:type O C:Type A D: None of the above all are possible
D: None of the above all are possible
In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant to short (t), and yellow seeds (Y) are dominant to green (y). If two heterozygous plants are crossed, what is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
9:3:3:1
Explain why the same trait might be "adaptive" in one environment but "non-adaptive" in another.
Traits are only beneficial if they help an organism survive in its specific surroundings. Thick fur is adaptive in the arctic but non-adaptive in the desert because it causes overheating
When you melt a piece of chocolate, it turns from a solid to a liquid. When you burn a piece of wood, it turns into ash and smoke. How do these two scenarios differ chemically?
Melting chocolate is a physical change because the molecules remain chocolate they only move faster and further apart. Burning wood is a chemical change because the molecules in the wood react with oxygen to form entirely new substances like carbon dioxide and water vapor
Explain the difference between thermal energy and temperature, and why a large glass of cold water has more thermal energy than a small cup of hot coffee.
Temperature is the average kinetic energy of particles, while thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance. Even though the coffee is hotter, the large glass has significantly more molecules. The sum of all those molecules' movements outweighs the higher speed of the smaller, lighter particles in the coffee.