General Review
What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom?
Proton, electron, neutron
Will a colder object have more or less kinetic energy than a warmer object?
Less.
Subduction is when...
common ancestry.
True or false: mutations are always beneficial to organisms.
False: mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral
What is the process by which the adaptive traits become more common and nonadaptive traits become less common in a population over time?
Natural Selection
How are synthetic materials made?
Natural resources, especially fossil fuels, that undergo a chemical reaction
Resources that are used faster than they can be created (ex: fossil fuels)
Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past.
Name one negative impact of the use of fossil fuels.
Acceptable answers include: increased air pollution, destruction of land/water resources, climate change, soil erosion, plastic pollution, etc.
Name three types of natural hazards.
What atoms combine to make up one molecule of water?
Igneous- cooled magma
Sedimentary- sediment that is compacted and cemented
Metamorphic- existing rock changed by heat and pressure
What is a mutation?
A random change to a gene.
When will energy transfers between two objects stop?
Energy will stop transferring when the objects reach equilibrium (when the energy is the same between the two objects).
Why do plants flower?
Flowers attract pollinators which allow plants to reproduce.
What is the difference between temperature and thermal energy?
Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the molecules in an object.
Thermal energy measures the total kinetic energy of the molecules in an object.
What is the law of superposition (relative dating of rock layers)?
Rock layers closest to the surface are older; rock layers further on the bottom are older
Why might two organisms, who look very different as adults, share structures as embryos?
They descend from the same common ancestor species.
Name two key factors that influence how plants grow.
Acceptable answers include: genes, water, nutrients, and sunlight.
What are two main pieces of evidence for continental drift?
The fossil record: the same fossils are found on separate continents
The fit of the continents: continents now far away from each other can fit against each other
Plate motion: the movement of plates explains how the continents have moved
What is the difference between endothermic reactions and exothermic reactions?
Exothermic reactions release thermal energy
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering is the wearing down of rock by wind and water
Erosion is the movement of rock sediment from one place to another
There is a population of mostly white rabbits living in a snowy environment. Over time, the environment changes from white snow to brown dirt. Scientists notice that the population of rabbits went from mostly white to mostly brown. Explain why this happened.
When the environment changed, being white became non-adaptive and being brown became adaptive because the rabbits could camouflage. The brown rabbits were able to survive and reproduce, which made brown the most common trait.
Why might two substances made of the same elements have different properties?
Their molecules are arranged differently.